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Bitwise Operator

The document explains various bitwise operators available in C, including one's complement, right shift, left shift, AND, OR, and XOR operators. It details how these operators function on integers and characters, their applications, and provides examples of their usage. Additionally, it discusses how to manipulate bits to extract specific information such as year, month, and day from a byte entry.

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4 views12 pages

Bitwise Operator

The document explains various bitwise operators available in C, including one's complement, right shift, left shift, AND, OR, and XOR operators. It details how these operators function on integers and characters, their applications, and provides examples of their usage. Additionally, it discusses how to manipulate bits to extract specific information such as year, month, and day from a byte entry.

Uploaded by

somaroychowdhury5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bitwise Operators

The various Bitwise Operators available


in C
• The various Bitwise Operators available in C

These operators can operate on ints and chars but not floats and
doubles.
• the bit numbering scheme in integers and
characters. Bits are numbered from zero onwards,
increasing from right to left as shown below:
showbits( )
• to display the binary representation of any integer or character
value.
One’s Complement Operator
• all 1’s present in the number are changed to 0’s and all 0’s are changed to
1’s.
• One’s complement operator is represented by the symbol ~.
where could the one’s complement
operator be useful?
• in the development of a file encryption utility
Right Shift Operator &Left Shift Operator
• The right shift operator is represented by >>.
• It needs two operands.
• It shifts each bit in its left operand to the right. The number of places
the bits are shifted depends on the number following the operator
(i.e. its right operand).
if the variable ch contains the bit pattern 11010111,
then, ch >> 1 would give 01101011 and
ch >> 2 would give 00110101.
• In the explanation a >> b if b is negative the result is unpredictable.
• If a is negative, then its leftmost bit (sign bit) would be 1.
• On some computer right shifting a would result in extending the sign bit.
For example, if a contains -1, its binary representation would be 1111111111111111.
• the bits are shifted to the left, and for each bit shifted, a 0 is added to the right of
the number.
Get a year as a separate entity from the two bytes
entry

right shift the entry by 9 to get the year.


On similar lines, left shifting by 7, followed by right shifting by 12 yields month.

Finally, for obtaining the day, left shift date by 11 and then right shift the result
by 11. Left shifting by 11 gives 0100100000000000.
Right shifting by 11 gives 0000000000001001.
Bitwise AND Operator
• operator is represented as &.
• The & operator operates on two operands.
• While operating upon these two operands they are compared on a
bit-by-bit basis. Hence both the operands must be of the same type
(either char or int).
• The second operand is often called an AND mask.

• The best use of the AND operator is to check whether a particular bit of an
operand is ON or OFF.
• used to turn OFF a particular bit in a number.
Given bit pattern 10101101 of an operand, How do
you check whether bit number 3 is ON (1) or OFF
(0)?
Bitwise OR and Bitwise XOR Operator

• ORing is represented as |. 1st bit 2nd bit 1st bit | 2nd bit
• ORing of two bits: 0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

• The XOR operator is represented as ^ also called an Exclusive OR Operator.

• The OR operator returns 1 when anyone 1st bit 2nd bit 1st bit ^ 2nd bit
of the two bits or both the bits are 1, whereas 0 0 0
XOR returns 1 only if one of the two bits is 1. 0 1 1
1 0 1
• XOR operator is used to toggle a bit ON or OFF. 1 1 0
A number XORed with another number twice
gives the original number. The truth table for the XOR operator

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