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Lecture 4 Os

A distributed system consists of interconnected computers (nodes) that collaborate to perform tasks beyond a single system's capabilities, featuring characteristics like fault tolerance, load balancing, and resource sharing. Advantages include scalability, reliability, and improved performance, while challenges involve increased complexity, potential for failure, and security issues. Examples of distributed systems include the Internet, cloud computing, and online marketplaces.

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4 views10 pages

Lecture 4 Os

A distributed system consists of interconnected computers (nodes) that collaborate to perform tasks beyond a single system's capabilities, featuring characteristics like fault tolerance, load balancing, and resource sharing. Advantages include scalability, reliability, and improved performance, while challenges involve increased complexity, potential for failure, and security issues. Examples of distributed systems include the Internet, cloud computing, and online marketplaces.

Uploaded by

Ch Gulfam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture

4
Tehreem Tajammal
Distributed System

A distributed system is a group of interconnected computers or


devices that work together to perform a task that is beyond the
capabilities of a single system.

• Each computer (called a node) has its own memory and processor.
• These nodes communicate over a network.
• They share resources, data, and tasks.
• All nodes work in coordination to reach a common goal.
Characteristics of Distributed
•
System
Heterogeneity is Hidden:
HFLROCST

The internal design and differences between systems in a distributed network are
invisible to the user.

• Fault Tolerance:
The system is built to continue functioning even if some parts fail. It handles
errors smoothly to avoid system crashes.

• Load Balancing:
The system distributes tasks and resources evenly across all nodes to avoid
overloading any single part, ensuring efficiency and performance.
Cont…
• Resource Sharing: Allows access to hardware, software, or data
anywhere in the system.
• Openness: The system can be easily extended or improved.
• Concurrency: Multiple tasks can run simultaneously across
remote locations with independent systems.
• Scalability: The system can grow and handle more users or
processors without losing performance.
• Transparency: Hides the complexity of the system from users and
ensures privacy.
Example of Distributed System

• Internet and Web


Services
• Cloud Computing
• Social Media Platforms
• Financial Systems
• Online Marketplaces
Reason for
Building
Distributed
System
Types of distributed systems
Advantages of Distributed
System
• Scalability: Distributed systems can easily grow by adding more computers
(nodes), allowing them to handle increased demand without significant
reconfiguration.
• Reliability and Fault Tolerance: If one part of the system fails, others can take over,
making
distributed systems more resilient and ensuring services remain available.
• Performance: Workloads can be split across multiple nodes, allowing tasks to be
completed faster and improving overall system performance.
• Resource Sharing: Distributed systems allow resources like data, storage, and
computing power to be shared across nodes, increasing efficiency and reducing
costs.
• Geographical Distribution: Since nodes can be in different locations, distributed
systems can serve users globally, providing faster access to resources based on
location.
Challenges of distributed systems

• More opportunities for failure. The more systems added to a computing environment,
the more opportunity there is for failure.
• Synchronization process challenges.
• Imperfect scalability. Doubling the number of nodes in a distributed system doesn’t
necessarily double performance.
• More complex security.
• Increased complexity: Distributed systems are more complex to design, manage and
understand than traditional computing environments.
Design issues in distributed
systems
• Robustness
• Failure detection
• Reconfiguration
• Recovery from
failure

• Transparency
• Scalability

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