READING AND WRITING
Mr. RAYNE
SIMPLE RECALL
MOTIVATION
Suppose your parents give you an option of the gift you want to receive on
your graduation day. This is for you to be motivated to maintain your academic
standing in your class. Your choices are illustrated below.
A. B. C.
QUESTIONS:
1. 1. From the choices above, which will you choose
and why?
2. If you were your parents, what do you think
would they tell you after
knowing your choice ?List down the possible
statements you may hear from them.
How did you choose your preferred graduation gift?
What did you notice with the statements you have
answer in question number two?
LESSON:7.1
FORMULATING EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS
What is evaluative statement?
The evaluative statement is a statement that you can
make to reflect your judgment and generalization about a
text you have read. You may use evidence from the text
to formulating assertions or positive statements about
the content of a text and properties of a text you have
read. Another way to formulate evaluative statements is
by formulating counterclaims.
How to formulate an evaluative
statement?
Formulating assertions about the content and the properties
of a text read. These assertions usually contain evaluative
languages such as useful, significant, important, insightful,
detailed, up-to- date, comprehensive, practical, etc.
Formulating a meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim
made in the text read. Counterclaim is the opposition you
make about the claim of a writer. You must recognize the
value of hedges when you state your counterclaims.
How to formulate an evaluative
statement:
To formulate an evaluative statement, one needs
to read the entire text carefully and critically to
understand and to check for possible fallacies in
the argument presented by the writer.
Just like any other writing, the formulation of the
evaluative statements is done in the same way
except that the statement is about your own
judgment of the text’s content and properties.
You may formulate your evaluative statements in
two ways such as formulating assertions and
counterclaims.
KEY POINTERS:
SAMPLE: EVALUATION:
EXPLANATION:
EXPLANATION :
What is Assertions and Counterclaims
What is Assertions and Counterclaims
Assertions may state truths or
-
opinions, and are typically made
to express a reader’s personal
understanding of the text read.
Those statements come in four
types:
Fact, Convention, Opinion and
Preference.
FOUR TYPES OF ASSERTIONS
FACT
CONVENTION
OPINION
PREFERENCE
Identifying Words and Phrases that Signal Evaluation
There are ways to introduce your evaluation of texts. Let’s take a look at some of these words/ phrases and examples of how they
are actually used .
“The work is “I believe that “What is lacking “The positive
(adjective),” the work (evaluating).” points of the
(evaluation).” work include
(praises).”
The work is I believe that What is The positive
excellent! the work lacking is points of the
needs evidence of work include its
improvement
the claims. conciseness,
in terms of
grammar and relevance, and
mechanics. organization.
Counterclaims
These are claims made to offset or
oppose the claims presented in a
text.
These are also formulated with
critical thinking and supported by
evidence solid enough to disprove
or rebut the claims presented by the
writer.
Counterclaims
How to make a counter claims:
1. Write your stance strong and
clear. Your stance is your
counterclaim.
2. Explain your counterclaim.
3. Rebut your counterclaim.
Hedges
This refer to a word or phrase
that serves the purpose of
minimizing the negative impact of
criticism stated in a counterclaim.
Hedges come in the forms of modals,
adverbs of frequency and adverbs of
probability.
Hedges
example:
Reading aloud improves one
memory. (This is a claim made by the
writer in the text that you have read.)
In formulating your counterclaim, you
do not simply say;
Reading aloud does not improve
one’s memory.
“Reading aloud does not improve
one’s memory. “
So what do you do instead is you make use
of hedges in order to provide a
courteous tone so you do not just
negate, you oppose but in a polite
manner. Instead;
“Reading aloud may not improve
one’s memory”.
TYPES of HEDGES
1. Make use of Hedging Devices such as
Modal Verbs Using modal verbs (could, can,
may, might, etc.) allows you to soften an
absolute statement. Compare the examples
below;
This text is inappropriate for graduate students
who are new to the field.(Absolute Statement.)
This text may be inappropriate for graduate
students who are new to the field. (Hedging.)
2. Qualifying Adjectives and Adverbs
Using qualifying adjectives and adverbs
(possible, likely, possibly, somewhat, etc.)
allows you to introduce a level of probability
into your comments.
Compare the examples below:
Readers will find the theoretical model difficult
to understand.
Some readers will probably find theoretical
model somewhat difficult to understand
completely.
3. Tentative VerbsUsing tentative verbs
(seems, indicated, suggests, etc.) also
allows you to soften an absolute
statement. Compare the examples below:
This omission shows that the authors
are not aware of the current literature.
This omission indicated that the authors
are not aware of the current literature.
This omission seems to suggest that the
authors are not aware of the current literature.
FOUR ELEMENTS OF ARGUMENT
ACTIVITY TIME:
A. Directions: On the blank before the number, write TRUE if the
description about
assertion and counterclaim is correct and write FALSE, if it is wrong.
______ 1. Assertions and counterclaims are techniques used in evaluative writing.
______ 2. Assertions are indirect expression of the writer’s feeling.
______ 3. Assertions are delivered in forceful and declarative way to convince the
readers.
______ 4. Counterclaims agree with the idea of a prior text.
______
B. 5. Contradictory
Directions: Identify ifwords and phrases
the sentence is an are usuallyorused
assertion in writing counterclaims.
counterclaim. Write A if
assertion and C if counterclaim. Write your answer on the space provided.
_______1. I believe that living a good life is the right path to happiness.
______ 2. I agree with the idea that life is full of happiness but there are also times
when we need to suffer.
______ 3. Love is beautiful when we find the right one, it is as if we are flying.
______ 4. They claim that love is hard to find since many experience heartbreaks
before meeting the right partner.
______ 5. To live a peaceful life, we should practice tolerance.
MUCHAS GRACIAS And DIOS TE
BENDIGA!!!!