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Unit2 L5

Optical computing utilizes photons for computation, addressing limitations of traditional transistors and metallic wires. There are two types of optical computers: Electro-Optical Hybrid and Pure Optical, which use transphasors for handling multiple signals and employ logic-based grating for data representation. Advantages include increased speed, lower heating, and reduced power consumption, while challenges involve size, cost, and the need for specialized software.

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12 views8 pages

Unit2 L5

Optical computing utilizes photons for computation, addressing limitations of traditional transistors and metallic wires. There are two types of optical computers: Electro-Optical Hybrid and Pure Optical, which use transphasors for handling multiple signals and employ logic-based grating for data representation. Advantages include increased speed, lower heating, and reduced power consumption, while challenges involve size, cost, and the need for specialized software.

Uploaded by

jhaankit9523
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Optical Computing

Requirement of Optical Computing


Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors on a computer chip doubles every
eighteen months.
Traditional transistors can no longer keep up.
1. Too many transistors will slow down processor speeds.
2. Transistors have physical size limits.
Metallic wires limit the speed of transmission.
Resistance per unit length in the chip is being increased, causing more power usage and
excess heating.
Optical Computer :
An optical computer is a computer that performs its computation with photons in
opposition to the more traditional electron-based computation.

There are two different types of optical computers.


1. Electro-Optical Hybrid computers
2. Pure Optical computers
Many fast switches and delay lines set up to arrange for 20 photons to enter the waveguide circuit simultaneously.
Optical computers uses transphasors instead of transistors
Can handle multiple signals at once
Logic based grating
1’s represented by vertical grating causing light
0’s represented by horizontal grating causing darkness

Basic Path of Information


• Through an Optical Computer Information gets sent in from keyboard, mouse, or other external sources and
goes to the processor.

• Processor then sends the information through logic gates and switches to be programmed.

• The information is then sent through different fiber optic cables depending on it’s final location.

• Some information will be sent to the holographic memory, where it will then be saved.

• After information is saved and the program would like to use it, the program sends a command to the
processor, which then sends a command to receive the information.

• The program receives the information and sends a signal back to the processor to tell it that the task is
complete.
Electro-Optical Hybrid

• Use optical fibers and electric parts to read and direct data from the processor

• Light pulses send information instead of voltage packets.

• Processors change from binary code to light pulses using lasers.

• Information is then detected and decoded electronically back into binary.

Electrical Switches Optical Switches


Made out of semiconductors. Change the direction of propagation for the
Change direction of binary code through wires. transmitted wave.
Toggle Switch (can choose between two Allow information to be used in other parts of
directions) the computer.
LAN Switch for Networking Non-linear optical properties of materials are used
to redirect the propagation of one light using
another control light.
• Optical computers uses transphasors instead of transistors
• Can handle multiple signals at once
• Logic based grating
• 1’s represented by vertical grating causing light
• 0’s represented by horizontal grating causing darkness
Optical Fibers
Advantages
• Small in size
• Low transmission losses
• No interference from radio frequencies, electromagnetic
components, or crosstalk
• Safer
• More secure
• Environmental immunity

Interconnection of Optical Fibers

Advantages
Bandwidth independence; No capacitive effects; No interference between parallel waves; Low power constraints;
Increased flexibility

Disadvantages:
Cost; Size; Alignment precision; Thermal stability; Fabrication; Lack of designs
Advantages to Optical Computing
• Small size
• Increased speed
• Low heating
• Reconfigurable
• Scalable for larger or small networks
• More complex functions done faster
• Applications for Artificial Intelligence
• Less power consumption (500 microwatts per interconnect length vs. 10 mW for electrical)

Limiting Factors for Optical Computers


• Optical fibers on a chip are wider than electrical traces.
• Crystals need 1mm of length and are much larger than current transistors
• Software needed to design and run the computers.

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