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OOPS in Python

The document covers key concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python, including classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It provides examples of creating objects, using inheritance to create derived classes, encapsulating data with private attributes, and demonstrating polymorphism with functions like len(). Additionally, it explains error handling in Python using try, except, else, and finally blocks.

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ysanthosh5050
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2 views

OOPS in Python

The document covers key concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python, including classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It provides examples of creating objects, using inheritance to create derived classes, encapsulating data with private attributes, and demonstrating polymorphism with functions like len(). Additionally, it explains error handling in Python using try, except, else, and finally blocks.

Uploaded by

ysanthosh5050
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OOPS in python

• An object is any entity that has attributes and behaviors. For example,
a parrot is an object. It has

• attributes - name, age, color, etc.


• behavior - dancing, singing, etc.
• class Parrot:

• # class attribute
• name = ""
• age = 0

• # create parrot1 object


• parrot1 = Parrot()
• parrot1.name = "Blu"
• parrot1.age = 10

• # create another object parrot2


• parrot2 = Parrot()
• parrot2.name = "Woo"
• parrot2.age = 15

• # access attributes
• print(f"{parrot1.name} is {parrot1.age} years old")
• print(f"{parrot2.name} is {parrot2.age} years old")
Python Inheritance
Inheritance is a way of creating a new class for using
details of an existing class without modifying it.
• The newly formed class is a derived class (or child
class). Similarly, the existing class is a base class (or
parent class).
class Animal:
dog1 = Dog()
def eat(self):
# Calling members of the base class print( "I can eat!")
dog1.eat()
dog1.sleep() def sleep(self):
print("I can sleep!")
# Calling member of the derived class
dog1.bark(); # derived class
class Dog(Animal):

def bark(self):
print("I can bark! Woof woof!!")
Python Encapsulation
• Encapsulation refers to the bundling of attributes and
methods inside a single class.

• It prevents outer classes from accessing and changing


attributes and methods of a class. This also helps to
achieve data hiding.

• In Python, we denote private attributes using underscore as the prefix


i.e single _ or double __
class Computer:

def __init__(self):
self.__maxprice = 900

def sell(self):
print("Selling Price: {}".format(self.__maxprice))

def setMaxPrice(self, price):


self.__maxprice = price

c = Computer()
c.sell()

# change the price


c.__maxprice = 1000
c.sell()

# using setter function


c.setMaxPrice(1000)
c.sell()
Polymorphism in Python
• What is Polymorphism?
• It refers to the use of a single type entity (method,
operator or object) to represent different types in
different scenarios.

• Polymorphism in addition operator


• Polymorphic len() function
• print(len("Programiz"))
• print(len(["Python", "Java", "C"]))
• print(len({"Name": "John", "Address": "Nepal"}))
• print(len("Programiz"))
• print(len(["Python", "Java", "C"]))
• print(len({"Name": "John", "Address": "Nepal"}))
Python Try Except
• The try block lets you test a block of code for errors.

• The except block lets you handle the error.

• The else block lets you execute code when there is no error.

• The finally block lets you execute code, regardless of the result of the
try- and except blocks.
try:
print(x)
except:
print("An exception occurred")
try:
print(x)
except NameError:
print("Variable x is not defined")
except:
print("Something else went wrong")

else:
print("Nothing went wrong")
Finally
The finally block, if specified, will be executed regardless if the try block
raises an error or not.

try:
print(x)
except:
print("Something went wrong")
finally:
print("The 'try except' is finished")
try:
f = open("demofile.txt")
try:
f.write("Lorum Ipsum")
except:
print("Something went wrong when writing to the file")
finally:
f.close()
except:
print("Something went wrong when opening the file")
x = -1
if x < 0:
raise Exception("Sorry, no numbers below
zero")

x = "hello"

if not type(x) is int:


raise TypeError("Only integers are allowed")

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