Fundamenta
ls of
Programmin
g
CCE 109/L
What to expect from this subject:
• This subject is the foundation of programming.
• Learn the fundamentals of programming using Java as the
programming language.
• Application to be used: Netbeans (for those with
desktop/laptop computers)
• Any Mobile-based application where you can program using
Java as programming language.
Objectives:
• Understand the basic components of a computer system:
hardware and software, high-level languages and compilation,
Java’s place among programming languages, and the concept
of an algorithm.
Computer
• A computer is an electronic device that stores and processes
data. It includes both hardware and software.
• In general, hardware comprises the visible, physical elements
of the computer, and software provides the invisible
instructions that control the hardware and make it perform
specific tasks.
• Writing instructions for computers to perform is called
computer programming.
Programs
• Computer programs, known as software, are instructions to the
computer, telling it what to do.
• Computers do not understand human languages, so you need
to use computer languages in computer programs.
• Programming is the creation of a program that is executable by
a computer and performs the required tasks.
Programming Languages
• Among the more than one hundred high-level languages, the
following are well known:
■ COBOL (COmmon Business Oriented Language)
■ FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation)
■ BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
■ Pascal (named for Blaise Pascal)
Programming Languages
■ Ada (named for Ada Lovelace)
■ C (developed by the designer of B)
■ Visual Basic (Basic-like visual language developed by
Microsoft)
■ Delphi (Pascal-like visual language developed by Borland)
■ C++ (an object-oriented language, based on C)
■ C# (a Java-like language developed by Microsoft)
Operating Systems
• The operating system (OS) is the most important program that
runs on a computer, which manages and controls a computer’s
activities.
• The popular operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS,
and Linux.
• Application programs, such as a Web browser or a word
processor, cannot run without an operating system.
•
Operating Systems
• The major tasks of an operating system are:
■ Controlling and monitoring system activities
■ Allocating and assigning system resources
■ Scheduling operations
What is Java?
• Java is a computer programming
language.
• It enables programmers to write
computer instructions using English-
based commands instead of having to
write in numeric codes.
• It’s known as a high-level language
because it can be read and written
easily by humans.
What is Java?
• Like English, Java has a set of rules that determine how the
instructions are written.
• These rules are known as its syntax.
• Once a program has been written, the high-level instructions
are translated into numeric codes that computers can
understand and execute.
• Java is used to develop mobile apps, web apps, desktop apps,
games and much more.
Who Created Java?
• In the early 90s, Java, which originally went by the name Oak
and then Green, was created by a team led by James Gosling
for Sun Microsystems, a company now owned by Oracle.
• Java was originally designed for use on digital mobile devices,
such as cellphones.
• However, when Java 1.0 was released to the public in 1996, its
main focus had shifted to use on the internet, providing
interactivity with users by giving developers a way to produce
animated web pages.
Who Created Java?
• However, there have been many updates since version 1.0, like
J2SE 1.3 in 2000, J2SE 5.0 in 2004, Java SE 8 in 2014, and Java
SE 10 in 2018.
• Over the years, Java has evolved as a successful language for
use both on and off the internet.
Why Choose Java?
• Ease of Use: The fundamentals of Java came from
a programming language called C++.
• Although C++ is a powerful language, it is complex in its
syntax and inadequate for some of Java's requirements.
• Java built on and improved the ideas of C++ to provide a
programming language that was powerful and simple to use.
Why Choose Java?
• Reliability: Java needed to reduce the likelihood of fatal errors
from programmer mistakes.
• With this in mind, object-oriented programming was
introduced.
• When data and its manipulation were packaged together in
one place, Java was robust.
Why Choose Java?
• Security: Because Java was originally targeting mobile
devices that would be exchanging data over networks, it was
built to include a high level of security.
• Java is probably the most secure programming language to
date.
Why Choose Java?
• Platform Independence: Programs need to work regardless
of the machines they're being executed on.
• Java was written to be a portable and cross-platform language
that doesn't care about the operating system, hardware, or
devices that it's running on.
Java As A Features of Java
Tree
Features
of Java
What do we
need to start
programmin
g?
System Requirements:
Recommended Hardware Configurations
• Microsoft Windows 7 Professional/Windows 8/Windows 8.1:
Processor: Intel Core i5 or equivalent. Memory: 2 GB (32-bit), 4
GB (64-bit) ...
• Ubuntu 15.04: Processor: Intel Core i5 or equivalent. Memory: 2
GB (32-bit), 4 GB (64-bit) ...
• OS X 10.10 Intel: Processor: Dual-Core Intel. Memory: 4 GB
What do we need to start
programming?
• Notepad-Text Editor
• Netbeans – this is a JAVA IDE that is open-source.
• Eclipse – also a JAVA IDE developed by the eclipse community
but is already deprecated
What is
Netbeans?
• NetBeans is an open-source integrated
development environment (IDE) for developing
with Java, PHP, C++, and other programming
languages.
• NetBeans is also referred to as a platform of
modular components used for developing Java
desktop applications.
Java World Wide Web and Beyond
• Java has become enormously popular. Its rapid rise and wide
acceptance can be traced to its design characteristics,
particularly its promise that you can write a program once and
run it anywhere.
• As stated by Sun, Java is simple, object oriented, distributed,
interpreted, robust, secure, architecture neutral, portable, high
performance, multithreaded, and dynamic.
Where Do I Start?
• To get started, download and install the
Java Development Kit (JDK), and the latest NetBeans IDE.
• The Java Development Kit (JDK) contains all the tools you need
to compile code and run your newly written applications.
• The NetBeans IDE (integrated development environment) is an
optional software utility that makes all these tools more easily
accessible.
Where Do I Start?
• Download and install Netbeans.
• Download site:
https://netbeans.apache.org/download/index.html
How do I know if JDK is installed?
• On your command prompt window terminal type:
“java -version“
Download JDK and Netbeans
• JDK download site:
https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-downloads.ht
ml
• Netbeans IDE
Installing JDK
Installing
Netbeans
IDE
Installing
Netbeans
IDE
Installing
Netbeans
IDE
Installing
Netbeans
IDE
Installing
Netbeans
IDE
Netbeans
IDE
