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Servlet Programming in JAVA

The document provides an overview of web applications, focusing on servlets and CGI technology. It explains the advantages of servlets over CGI, including better performance and portability, and outlines the lifecycle of a servlet. Additionally, it includes a step-by-step guide for creating a servlet example using Tomcat server, along with code snippets for implementation.

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3 views

Servlet Programming in JAVA

The document provides an overview of web applications, focusing on servlets and CGI technology. It explains the advantages of servlets over CGI, including better performance and portability, and outlines the lifecycle of a servlet. Additionally, it includes a step-by-step guide for creating a servlet example using Tomcat server, along with code snippets for implementation.

Uploaded by

akshayakkikasam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Servlets

Web Application:
• A web application is an application accessible from the web.
• A web application is composed of web components like
Servlet, JSP, etc. and other elements such as HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript.
• The web components typically execute in Web Server and
respond to the HTTP request.

Common Gateway Interface:


• CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripting language is a basic
server-side programming language. which is used to develop
dynamic web pages.
• CGI technology enables the web server to call an external
program and pass HTTP request information to process the
request.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
In CGI,For each request, it starts a new process.
• Each new process requires separate memory,CPU time so
processor load will increase.
There are many problems in CGI technology:
• If the number of clients increases, it takes more time for sending
the response.
• For each request, it starts a process, and the web server is
limited to start processes.
• It uses platform dependent language e.g. C, C++, perl.
Servlets:
• Servlet technology is used to create a web application (resides at
server side and generates a dynamic web page).
• Servlet technology is robust and scalable because of java
language.
• Before Servlet, CGI (Common Gateway Interface) scripting
language was common as a server-side programming language.
However, there were many disadvantages to this technology.
• Servlet is a class that extends the capabilities of the servers and
responds to the incoming requests.
• The web container creates threads for handling the multiple
requests to the Servlet.
• Threads have many benefits over the Processes such as they share
a common memory area, lightweight, cost of communication
between the threads are low.
The advantages of Servlet are as follows:
• Better performance: because it creates a thread for each request,
not process.
• Portability: because it uses Java language.
• Robust: JVM manages Servlets, so we don't need to worry about
the memory leak, garbage collection, etc.
Servlet Vs CGI
Lifecycle of Servlet:
Lifecycle of a servlet describes how and when a servlet is loaded, initialized, able to
handle requests and unloaded.

New Instance is Created


• There are 3 methods in
lifecycle of servlet, those Servlet Uninitialized
are
Init() method Called
– init() : This method
One or more
initializes the servlet. Requests Servlet initialized
processed by and Ready to
service() method process requests
– service() : This
method process the Destroy() method called
http requests.
Instance Garbage
collected
– destroy(): This
method is used to
destroy the servlet.
Create a servlet example
The servlet example can be created by three ways:
– By implementing Servlet interface,
– By inheriting GenericServlet class, (or)
– By inheriting HttpServlet class

Here, we are going to use tomcat server in this example.


The steps are as follows:
1. Create a directory structure
2. Create a Servlet
3. Compile the Servlet
4. Create a deployment descriptor
5. Start the server
6. Access the servlet
1. Create a directory structure:

• The directory structure defines


that where to put the different
types of files so that web container
may get the information and
respond to the client.

• Let's see the directory structure


that must be followed to create the
servlet.
2.Create a servlet:
import java.io.*; First.java
import javax.servlet.*;
public class First extends GenericServlet
{
public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res)
throws IOException,ServletException{
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out=res.getWriter();
out.print("<html><body>");
out.print("<b>Welcome to servlet</b>");
out.print("</body></html>");
}
}
3.Compile the servlet:
• Servlet can be compliled by using jar file
• Jar file are required to be loaded.

Servlet-api.jar
Two ways to load the jar file
1. set classpath
2. paste the jar file in JRE/lib/ext folder

 Put the java file in any folder. After compiling the java file,
paste the class file of servlet in WEB-INF/classes directory.
4.Create a deployment description:
• Deployment description is an XML file with a name web.xml
• From this xml file web container gets the information about the servlet
to be invoked

Web.xml
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>First</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
5.Start the server and deploy the project:
• There are two ways to deploy the project
– Deployment
• Copy project into c://xampp/tomcat/web-apps
– Start Tomcat server
• By using Xampp control panel
• By running catalina_start batch file.
(c://xampp/tomcat/)
6. Access the servlet:
Reading Servlet Parameters:
• The Servlet Request class includes methods that allow you to read
the names and values of parameters that are included in a client
request.
Example: “index.html”
<html>
<body>
<form action="home" method="get">
Enter your name :
<input type="text" name="name"><br>
<input type="submit" value="OK">
</body>
</html>
import javax.servlet.http.*; “ReadingPar.java”
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ReadingPar extends HttpServlet{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse
res)throws ServletException,IOException
{
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();
String name=req.getParameter("name");
pw.println("Welcome "+name);
}}
Compilation:
Javac ReadingPar.java
After compiling the java file, paste the class file of servlet in
WEB-INF/classes directory.

“web.xml”
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SPrg2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ReadingPar</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SPrg2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/home</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Example: “index.html”
<html>
<head>
<title>Calculator</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/SPrg3/evaluate" method="post" name="frm">
Enter num1:<input name="txt1" type="text" /><br>
Enter num2:<input name="txt2" type="text" /><br>
Operator
<select name="op">
<option value="+">Addition</option>
<option value="-">Subtraction</option>
<option value="*">multiplication</option>
<option value="/">division</option>
<option value="%">remainder</option>
</select><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
“Calculator.java”
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class Calculator extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
String n1 = request.getParameter("txt1");
String n2 = request.getParameter("txt2");
String op = request.getParameter("op");
if(op.equals("+")){
out.println("SUM IS :" +(Integer.parseInt(n1) + Integer.parseInt(n2)));
}
else if(op.equals("-")){
out.println("SUB IS :" +(Integer.parseInt(n1) - Integer.parseInt(n2)));
}
else if(op.equals("*")){
out.println("MUL IS :" +(Integer.parseInt(n1) * Integer.parseInt(n2)));
}
else if(op.equals("%")){
out.println("MOD IS :" +(Integer.parseInt(n1) % Integer.parseInt(n2)));
}
else{
out.println("DIV IS :" +(Integer.parseInt(n1) / Integer.parseInt(n2)));
}
} }
“web.xml”

<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SPrg3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>Calculator</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SPrg3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/evaluate</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

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