0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views11 pages

Statistics, Data and Types

Chapter 1 of the document provides an overview of statistics, defining key concepts such as data, populations, samples, parameters, and statistics. It distinguishes between descriptive and inferential statistics, and explains the types of data: qualitative and quantitative. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

hamna-zaheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
7 views11 pages

Statistics, Data and Types

Chapter 1 of the document provides an overview of statistics, defining key concepts such as data, populations, samples, parameters, and statistics. It distinguishes between descriptive and inferential statistics, and explains the types of data: qualitative and quantitative. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts in practical scenarios.

Uploaded by

hamna-zaheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Chapter 1

Business Statistics
Abdulrehman Saeed
Riphah International University
Islamabad
§ 1.1
An Overview of
Statistics
Data and Statistics
Data consists of information coming from
observations, counts, measurements, or responses.

Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing,


analyzing, and interpreting data in order to make decisions.

A population is the collection of all outcomes,


responses, measurement, or counts that are of interest.

A sample is a subset of a population.

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 3


Populations & Samples
Example:
In a recent survey, 250 college students at Union College were asked if they smoked cigarettes regularly. 35 of the students said yes.
Identify the population and the sample.

Responses of all
students at Union
College (population)

Responses of
students in
survey (sample)

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 4


Parameters & Statistics
A parameter is a numerical description of a
population characteristic.

A statistic is a numerical description of a


sample characteristic.

Parameter Population

Statistic Sample

Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 5


Parameters & Statistics
Example:
Decide whether the numerical value describes a population parameter or a sample statistic.

a.) A recent survey of a sample of 450


college students reported that the
average weekly income for students is
$325.
Because the average of $325 is based on
a sample, this is a sample statistic.
b.) The average weekly income for all
students is $405.
Because the average of $405 is based on
a population, this is a population
parameter.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 6
Branches of Statistics
The study of statistics has two major branches:
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Statistic
s

Descriptive Inferential
statistics statistics
Involves the Involves using
organization, a sample to
summarization, draw
and display of conclusions
data. about a
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 7
Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics
Example:
In a recent study, volunteers who had less than 6 hours of sleep were four times more likely to answer incorrectly on a science test than were participants
who had at least 8 hours of sleep. Decide which part is the descriptive statistic and what conclusion might be drawn using inferential statistics.

The statement “four times more likely to


answer incorrectly” is a descriptive
statistic. An inference drawn from the
sample is that all individuals sleeping
less than 6 hours are more likely to
answer science question incorrectly than
individuals who sleep at least 8 hours.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 8
§ 1.2
Data
Classification
Types of Data
Data sets can consist of two types of data:
qualitative data and quantitative data.
Data

Qualitative Quantitativ
Data e Data
Consists of Consists of
attributes, numerical
labels, or measurements
nonnumerical or counts.
entries.
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 10
Qualitative and Quantitative
Data
Example:
The grade point averages of five students are listed in the table. Which data are qualitative data and which are quantitative data?

Studen GPA
t
Sally 3.22
Bob 3.98
Cindy 2.75
Mark 2.24
Kathy 3.84
Qualitative Quantitative
data data
Larson & Farber, Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World, 3e 11

You might also like