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1 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to AVR microcontrollers, highlighting the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and detailing the features and types of AVR microcontrollers. It specifically discusses the ATmega328, its specifications, and the internal architecture of AVR, including the CPU and data address space. Additionally, it covers the configuration and functions of AVR ports and their registers.

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namratadhiremath
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2 views13 pages

1 Introduction

The document provides an introduction to AVR microcontrollers, highlighting the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and detailing the features and types of AVR microcontrollers. It specifically discusses the ATmega328, its specifications, and the internal architecture of AVR, including the CPU and data address space. Additionally, it covers the configuration and functions of AVR ports and their registers.

Uploaded by

namratadhiremath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to AVR

Topics

• Microprocessors vs. Microcontrollers

• Most common microcontrollers

• AVR Features

• AVR members
3

Microprocessors vs. Microcontrollers


• Microprocessors (General Purpose)

General I/O Serial


Purpose RAM ROM Timer
Port Port
Micropro
cessor
(CPU) Buses

• Microcontrollers

Microcontroller

I/O Serial
RAM ROM Timer
Port Port
CPU

Buses
4

AVR Which you have already learnt

• Microcontroller: ATmega328
• Operating Voltage: 5V
• Input Voltage : 7v to 12V
• 14 Digital I/O pins
• 6 Analog I/O pins
• Flash Memory is 32 KB
• SRAM is 2 KB
• EEPROM is 1 KB
• CLK Speed is 16 MHz
• DC Current for I/O pins is 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
5

AVR Types
• Classic AVR
• e.g. AT90S2313, AT90S4433
• Mega
• e.g. ATmega328, ATmega32, ATmega128
• Tiny
• e.g. ATtiny13, ATtiny25
• Special Purpose AVR
• e.g. AT90PWM216,AT90USB1287
• XMega
• New features like DMA, DAC, crypto engine, etc.
AVR internal architecture

RAM EEPROM Timers

PROGRAM
ROM

Program
Bus Bus
CPU

Interrupt Other
OSC Ports
Unit Peripherals

I/O
PINS
AVR’s CPU
• AVR’s CPU
• It’s an 8-bit Microcontroller
• ALU
R0
• Based on Harvard
R1
Architechture ALU
R2
• 32 General Purpose registers

…
(R0 to R31) SREG: I T H S V N Z C

• PC register R15

• Instruction decoder CPU R16


R17

…
PC

Instruction decoder R30


R31
Instruction Register
registers
Data Address Space

8 bit
Data Address
Space R0
R1
$0000 R2
$0001 General
...

Purpose
...

Registers R31
$001F I/O Address
TWBR $00
$0020
TWSR $01
Standard I/O
...
...

Registers
SPH $3E
$005F SREG $3F
$0060
General
purpose
...

RAM
(SRAM)

$FFFF
AVR Ports
• ATmega32 ports are 8-bit SFRs

• Port A, Port B, Port C and Port D

• Configurable as

• Input Port

• Output Port

• Alternate Function
Port Register Functions
• Port has 3 registers (8-Bit each)
• PORTx (Output Data)
• DDRx (Direction of Data)
• PINx (Input Data)
Port Internal Structure

Upon reset, all ports have the value 0x00 in their DDR
registers. This means that all ports are configured as input
Alternate functions of Port A and Port B
Alternate functions of Port C and Port D

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