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4. EIOT UNIT 3 - Introduction to Arduino and Types of Arduino

Arduino is an open-source platform consisting of programmable development boards that can be used in various projects, featuring a microcontroller that interacts with components like LEDs and motors. It supports numerous applications including robotics, automation, and embedded systems, and comes in various types such as Arduino Uno, Nano, and Mega, each tailored for specific needs. The architecture includes distinct program and data memory, with various pins for power, input/output, and communication functionalities.

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Mohammed irfan m Mansoor ali t a
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3 views

4. EIOT UNIT 3 - Introduction to Arduino and Types of Arduino

Arduino is an open-source platform consisting of programmable development boards that can be used in various projects, featuring a microcontroller that interacts with components like LEDs and motors. It supports numerous applications including robotics, automation, and embedded systems, and comes in various types such as Arduino Uno, Nano, and Mega, each tailored for specific needs. The architecture includes distinct program and data memory, with various pins for power, input/output, and communication functionalities.

Uploaded by

Mohammed irfan m Mansoor ali t a
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARDUINO

What is arduino?
⚫ Arduino is an open source platform based
around programmable development boards
that can be integrated into a range of simple
and complex projects.
⚫ An Arduino board contains a microcontroller
which can be programmed to sense and
control devices in the physical world. The
microcontroller is able to interact with a
large variety of components such as LEDs,
motors and displays.
Applications
⚫ Embedded system
⚫ Robotics
⚫ Motion control
⚫ DC motor control
⚫ Defense and security defense
⚫ Parking lot counter
⚫ Home and industrial automation
⚫ Water quality testing
⚫ Xoscillo ( open-source oscilloscope )
⚫ Count down timer for traffic lights
⚫ 5V: This pin is used as a regulated power supply voltage and it
is used to give supply to the board as well as onboard
components.
⚫ 3.3V: This pin is used to provide a supply of 3.3V which is
generated from a voltage regulator on the board
⚫ GND: This pin is used to ground the Arduino board.
⚫ Reset: This pin is used to reset the microcontroller. It is used to
Resets the microcontroller.
⚫ Analog Pins: The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and
it is in the range of 0-5V.
⚫ Digital Pins: The pins 0 to 13 are used as a digital input or
output for the Arduino board.
⚫ Serial Pins: These pins are also known as a UART pin. It is used
for communication between the Arduino board and a computer
or other devices.
⚫ External Interrupt Pins: This pin is used to produce the External
interrupt and it is done by pin numbers 2 and 3.
⚫ PWM Pins: This pins is used to convert the digital signal into an analog
by varying the width of the Pulse. The pin numbers 3, 5, 6,9,10 and 11
are used as a PWM pin.
⚫ SPI Pins: This is the Serial Peripheral Interface pin, it is used to
maintain SPI communication with the help of the SPI library.
⚫ SPI pins include:
⚫ SS: Pin number 10 is used as a Slave Select
⚫ MOSI: Pin number 11 is used as a Master Out Slave In
⚫ MISO: Pin number 12 is used as a Master In Slave Out
⚫ SCK: Pin number 13 is used as a Serial Clock
⚫ LED Pin: The board has an inbuilt LED using digital pin-13. The LED
glows only when the digital pin becomes high.
⚫ AREF Pin: This is an analog reference pin of the Arduino board. It is
used to provide a reference voltage from an external power supply.
⚫ ICSP: In-Circuit Serial Programming. The users can program the
Arduino board's firmware using the ICSP pins.
⚫ The program or firmware with the advanced functionalities is received
by microcontroller with the help of the ICSP header.

⚫ I2C: Two-wire serial communication protocol. he I2C is a serial


communication protocol that uses SCL (Serial Clock) and SDA (Serial
Data) to receive and send data between two devices.
Arduino Architecture
⚫ Arduino’s processor basically uses the Harvard architecture where
the program code and program data have separate memory.
⚫ It consists of two memories:
⚫ Program memory
⚫ Data memory
⚫ The code is stored in the flash program memory, whereas the data
is stored in the data memory.
⚫ Atmega328 has:
⚫ 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which 0.5 KB is used for
the bootloader)
⚫ 2 KB of SRAM
⚫ 1 KB of EEPROM and operates with a clock speed of 16MHz.
Arduino Architecture
Arduino Pin Diagram – ATMEGA328
⚫ Arduino Uno consists of 14 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button.
⚫ Power Jack: Arduino can be power either from the
PC through a USB or through external source like
adaptor or a battery. It can operate on an external
supply of 7 to 12V. Power can be applied externally
through the pin Vin or by giving voltage reference
through the IO Ref pin.
⚫ Digital Inputs: It consists of 14 digital inputs/output
pins, each of which provide or take up 40mA
current. Some of them have special functions like
pins 0 and 1, which act as Rx and Tx respectively ,
for serial communication, pins 2 and 3-which are
external interrupts, pins 3,5,6,9,11 which provides
pwm output and pin 13 where LED is connected.
⚫ Analog inputs: It has 6 analog input/output pins,
each providing a resolution of 10 bits.
⚫ ARef: It provides reference to the analog inputs
⚫ Reset: It resets the microcontroller when low.
Types of Arduino
Arduino boards come in various types, each designed for specific applications and user
requirements:
⚫ Arduino Uno: The most popular and widely used Arduino board, suitable for
beginners and advanced users alike. It features a simple design with various
input/output pins, making it versatile for many projects.
⚫ Arduino Nano: A smaller version of the Uno, featuring a compact form factor with
similar functionalities. Ideal for projects with limited space or for creating portable
devices.
⚫ Arduino Mega: Designed for projects requiring a large number of input/output
pins and more processing power. It offers greater memory and more pins compared
to the Uno, making it suitable for complex applications.
⚫ Arduino Due: Built on a different microcontroller architecture (ARM Cortex),
providing faster processing speed and more memory compared to traditional AVR-
based Arduinos. Suitable for high-performance applications.
⚫ Arduino Leonardo: Similar to the Uno but with built-in USB capabilities, allowing
it to act as a mouse or keyboard. Ideal for projects requiring HID (Human Interface
Device) functionalities.
⚫ Arduino Pro Mini: A smaller and more stripped-down version of the Uno,
designed for minimalistic projects or applications where space is a constraint.
⚫ Arduino MKR Series: Includes various models like MKR1000, MKRZero, MKR
WiFi 1010, etc., featuring built-in connectivity options such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
and LoRa. Ideal for IoT (Internet of Things) projects.
⚫ Arduino LilyPad: Designed for wearable electronics and e-textile projects,
featuring a round shape and sewable design. It can be integrated into clothing or
fabric-based projects.
⚫ Arduino Nano Every: An updated version of the Nano, offering improved features
and compatibility with the classic Nano. It provides more memory and additional
functionalities while maintaining a compact size.
⚫ Arduino Zero: Similar to the Due but with a lower cost and reduced features. It
features the same microcontroller architecture (ARM Cortex) as the Due but with
fewer input/output pins and memory.

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