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chapter05_File

The document provides an overview of file processing in C++, detailing the use of ofstream, ifstream, and fstream classes for writing and reading files. It includes examples of reading integers and characters from files, as well as writing data to files, and demonstrates how to handle file input and output operations. Additionally, it covers copying file content into arrays and using the same fstream variable for both input and output.

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Ahmed Al-nasheri
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0 views

chapter05_File

The document provides an overview of file processing in C++, detailing the use of ofstream, ifstream, and fstream classes for writing and reading files. It includes examples of reading integers and characters from files, as well as writing data to files, and demonstrates how to handle file input and output operations. Additionally, it covers copying file content into arrays and using the same fstream variable for both input and output.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Al-nasheri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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++File Processing in C

Data is stored in files so that it may be


retrieved for processing when needed

1
++File Processing in C
C++ provides the following classes to
perform output and input of characters
to/from files:

• ofstream: Stream class to write on files


• ifstream: Stream class to read from files
• fstream: Stream class to both read and
write from/to files.

2
Open a file
• Each one of the open() member functions of the
classes ofstream, ifstream and fstream has a
default mode that is used if the file is opened
without a second argument:

default mode parameter class


ios::out ofstream
ios::in ifstream
ios::in | ios::out fstream

3
READING DATA FROM
FILES USING C++
• The commands for reading data from a file
are (for the most part) very similar to those
used to read data from the keyboard.

4
READING DATA FROM FILES USING C++
• In order for your program to read from the file, you
must:
 include the fstream header file
 declare a variable of type ifstream
 open the file
 read from the file
 after each read, check for end-of-file using the eof() member
function
 close the file when access is no longer needed (optional, but a
good practice)

5
Example
• Q1: Write a program that reads integer numbers
from the following file and print the result in
output screen.

6
READING DATA FROM FILES USING C++
#include<iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ ifstream indata; // indata is like cin
int num; // variable for input value
indata.open(“example.txt",ios::in);
indata >> num;
while ( !indata.eof() )
{
cout << "The next number is " << num << endl;
indata >> num;
}
indata.close();
cout << "End-of-file reached.." << endl;
}
7
READING DATA FROM FILES USING C++

The result:
Example
• Q2: Write a program that reads characters from
the following file as long as the character not Q.
and print the result in output screen.

9
++READING DATA FROM FILES USING C
#include<iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{ ifstream indata; // indata is like cin
char letter; // variable for input value
indata.open("example.txt“,ios::in); // opens the file
indata >> letter;
while ( letter != 'Q' )
{
cout << letter;
indata >> letter;
}
cout << endl;
indata.close();
cout << "End-of-file reached.." << endl;

}
10
++READING DATA FROM FILES USING C
The result:
++WRITING DATA IN THE FILES USING C

• In order for your program to writein the file, you must:


 include the fstream header file
 declare a variable of type ofstream
 open the file
 Writ in the file
 close the file when access is no longer needed
(optional, but a good practice)
++WRITING DATA IN THE FILES USING C
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void main () {
ofstream myfile;
myfile.open("test1.txt",ios::out);
myfile << "Writing this to a file......\n";
myfile.close();
}
13
++WRITING DATA IN THE FILES USING C

14
Example
• Q3: Write a program that read 4integer numbers
from the user and write them in a file .then read
the numbers from a file and print them in output
screen.

15
Input/Output with files
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void main(){
ofstream obj_out("file_05.txt",ios::out);
int x;
for(int i=0;i<=3;i++)
{
cin >> x;
obj_out << x << endl;
}

ifstream obj_in("file_05.txt",ios::in);
obj_in >> x;
while(!obj_in.eof())
{
cout << "X from the file is: " << x << endl;
obj_in >> x;
}
}
Input/Output with files
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void main(){
// To write in a file:
ofstream obj_out("file_02.txt",ios::out);
int x;
while(cin >> x)
obj_out << x << endl;

// To stop writing to a file, press CTRL+Z then ENTER

// To read from a file:


ifstream obj_in("file_02.txt",ios::in);
while(obj_in >> x)
cout << "X from the file is: " << x << endl;
}
Input/Output with files

19
Example
• Q: Write a program that copies a content of a file
into a one-dimensional array. Assume that the
content of the file is integers.

20
Solution
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int x, c=0;
ifstream fin1("d:\\test.txt", ios::in);
while(fin1>>x)
c++;
ifstream fin2("d:\\test.txt", ios::in);
int *a = new int[c];
for(int i=0; i<c; i++)
fin2 >> a[i];
// To print the content of the array
for(int i=0; i<c; i++)
cout << a[i] << endl;
}
21
• We can use the same variable from type
fstream for input and output in the same
time as the following example.

22
Input/Output with files
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
void main(){
fstream obj("file_05.txt");
int x;
for(int i=0;i<=3;i++)
{
cin >> x;
obj << x << endl;
}
obj.close();
obj.open("file_05.txt");
obj>> x;
while(!obj.eof())
{
cout << "X from the file is: " << x << endl;
obj>> x;
}
}
Example
• Q: Write a program that copies a content of a file
into a one-dimensional array. Assume that the
content of the file is string.

24
Solution
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string x; int c=0;
ifstream fin1("test.txt");
while(fin1>>x)
c++;
fin1.close();
ifstream fin2("test.txt“); //note: we can use the same variable fin1.open("test.txt“);
string *a = new string[c];
for(int i=0; i<c; i++)
fin2 >> a[i];
// To print the content of the array
for(int i=0; i<c; i++)
cout << a[i] << endl;
}

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