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Factors and Prime and Composite Numbers

This document defines factors, prime numbers, and composite numbers. It provides examples of each and explains how to find the prime factorization of composite numbers using either a factor tree method or ladder method. Prime numbers only have two factors, themselves and 1. Composite numbers have more than two factors and can be written as a product of prime factors. The document gives step-by-step instructions for using factor trees or a ladder to find the prime factorization of various composite numbers.

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Gottimukkala Suresh Babu
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429 views27 pages

Factors and Prime and Composite Numbers

This document defines factors, prime numbers, and composite numbers. It provides examples of each and explains how to find the prime factorization of composite numbers using either a factor tree method or ladder method. Prime numbers only have two factors, themselves and 1. Composite numbers have more than two factors and can be written as a product of prime factors. The document gives step-by-step instructions for using factor trees or a ladder to find the prime factorization of various composite numbers.

Uploaded by

Gottimukkala Suresh Babu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Factors, Prime Numbers & Composite Numbers

by Carol Edelstein

Definition
Product An answer to a multiplication problem.

7 x 8 = 56
Product

Definition
Factor a number that is multiplied by another to give a product.

7 x 8 = 56
Factors

Definition
Factor a number that divides evenly into another number.

56 8 = 7
Factors

Test yourself
What are the factors and products?

1) 6 x 7 = 42

Factors: 6 and 7 Product: 42 Factors: 7 and 9 Product: 63

2) 63 9 = 7 3) 8 x 5 = 40

Factors: 5 and 8 Product: 40

Definition
Prime Number a number that has only two factors, itself and 1.

Example: 7 is prime because the only numbers that will divide into it evenly are 1 and 7.

Examples of Prime Numbers

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37

Definition
Composite number a number that has more than two factors.

Example: The number 8. The factors of 8 are 1, 2, 4, 8.

Examples of Composite Numbers

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21,

One is special because . . .


One is not prime.
(because it does not have exactly two different factors).

One is not Composite.


(because it does not have more than 2 factors).

Definition
Prime Factorization A way to write a composite number as the product of its prime factors.

2 x 2 x 3 = 12
or

2 x 3 = 12

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Factor Tree Method - -

Step 1 Write down any


composite number.

48
2 x 24

Step 2

Start dividing by the prime #s (start with 2).


If the composite number is divisible by 2, write it down and find the next factor. If not, check if the factor is evenly divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Factor Tree Method - -

Step 3 Check the factors.


If they are prime, you are done. If they are not, proceed to Step 4.

48
2 x 24 2 x 2 x 12

Step 4 Continue dividing.


If one of the factors is divisible by 2, write it down and find the next factor. If not, check if the factor is evenly divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Factor Tree Method - -

Step 5 Check the factors.


If they are prime, proceed to Step 6. If they are not, repeat Step 4.

48
2 2 2
x x x

24 2x6

2 x 12 2
x

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Factor Tree Method - -

Step 5 Check the factors.


If they are prime, proceed to Step 6. If they are not, repeat Step 4.

48
2 2 2
x x x

24 2x6

2 x 12 2
x

Step 6 Write the


Prime Factorization in Exponential Form.

2x2x2x2x3 24 x 3 = 48

Find the Prime Factorization

4
Prime Factorization

2x2
2 =4
2

Prime Factorization in Exponential Form

Find the Prime Factorization

6
Prime Factorization

2 x 3 =6

Find the Prime Factorization

Prime Factorization

Prime Factorization in Exponential Form

27 3x9 3x3x3 3 3 = 27

Find the Prime Factorization

Prime Factorization

Prime Factorization in Exponential Form

12 2x6 2x2x3 2 2 x 3 = 12

Find the Prime Factorization

Prime Factorization

Prime Factorization in Exponential Form

18 2x9 2x3x3 2 2 x 3 = 18

You Have Options


The following screens illustrate another method that you can use to find the Prime Factorization of a Composite Number.

Try it! You may like it better.

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Ladder Method - -

Step 1 Write down any


composite number.

18
9

Step 2

Start dividing by the

prime #s (start with 2).


If the composite number is divisible by 2, write it on the left of the L and write the other factor below the original composite #. If not, check if the number is evenly divisible by 3, 5, etc.

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Ladder Method - -

Step 3 Check the factors.


If they are prime, proceed to Step 6. If not, continue the process.

2 3

18
9

Prime

Step 4 Step 5

Continue dividing the # on the next rung of the ladder by the prime #s (start with 2). Repeat this process until the # on the next rung of the ladder is prime.

How to do a Prime Factorization


- - Ladder Method - -

Step 6 Write the


Prime Factorization in Exponential Form.

2 3

18
9

3
Prime Factorization
Prime Factorization in Exponential Form

2x3x3 2 x 32

Find the Prime Factorization


- - Ladder Method - 2 2

56
28

14 7

Prime

Prime Factorization

2 2 2 7
x x x

Prime Factorization in Exponential Form

23 x 7

Summary
One is not a prime or composite number. Two is the only even prime number. Not all odd numbers are prime.
(examples: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 35, )

All composite numbers can be written as product of prime numbers.

The End

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