0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views28 pages

Functions C+++

The document provides an overview of functions in C++, detailing their definition, types, and usage. It covers user-defined functions, standard library functions, function overloading, and the importance of functions for code organization and reusability. Additionally, it includes examples and classwork exercises to reinforce the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

2024se04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
13 views28 pages

Functions C+++

The document provides an overview of functions in C++, detailing their definition, types, and usage. It covers user-defined functions, standard library functions, function overloading, and the importance of functions for code organization and reusability. Additionally, it includes examples and classwork exercises to reinforce the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

2024se04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

Programming

Fundamental
s
By Engr. Sher Mohammad
Contents of Lecture
• Functions
• Why functions?
• Types of Functions
• Standard Library/Built-in Functions
• User defined Functions
• Declaration/Prototyping and Definition of functions
• Function Parameters and Arguments
• Function Overloading
Functions
• A group of statements that takes input, processes it, and returns an
output.
• The idea behind a function is to combine common tasks that are done
repeatedly.
• If you have different inputs, you will not write the same code again. You
will simply call the function with a different set of data called
parameters.
• Each C++ program has at least one function, the main() function.
• You can divide your code into different functions.
• This division should be such that every function does a specific task.
Functions

• A function has:
– A name
– Zero or more input parameters
– 0 or 1 return (output) values
• We only specify the type

• The signature (or prototype) of a function


specifies these aspects so others know how
to "call" the function
Why use
functions?
• Code Organization
• Elimination of Duplicates
• Easy Testing and Debugging
• Readability
• Code Interoperability.
• Code Reusability
Function Definition and Prototype/Declaration
#include <iostream>
• A user-defined function refers to a using namespace std;
function that users create/ define / / prototype / declaratoin
i n t max1(int a, i n t b);
on their own to meet the needs of
int main()
the program. {
int x, y;
• In doing so, the user must specify cin >> x >> y;
the name, parameters, and return max1(5,6);
/* Code for main */
type in C++.
}
• This function can then be invoked
from any section of the program / / Defi nition
int max1(int a, int b)
to carry out a certain job. {
if(a > b)
return a;
else
return b;
}
Declaration/
Prototype
• Function declaration refers to the act of
creating a function, which may then be
called upon from other parts of the
program.
• The function declaration consists of the
name of the function, any applicable
argument data types, and any applicable
return type.
• Good practice is to "declare" your
function by placing the
prototype/signature at the top of your
code.
Example
#include <iostream>
Using namespace std;
int sum(int num1, int num2); // Function declaration
int main( ) {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
// Function call
int result = sum(a, b);
cout << "The sum of " << a << " and " << b << " is: " << result << endl;
return 0;
}
// Function definition
int sum(int num1, int num2) {
return num1 + num2;
}
Definition
"Define" the function (actual code implementation) anywhere by placing the
code in { }.
Example
#include <iostream>
int multiply(int num1, int num2); // Declaration specifies return type, function name, and
parameters
int main( ) {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
int result = multiply(a, b); // Function call
cout << "The product of " << a << " and " << b << " is: " << result << endl;
return 0;
}
int multiply(int num1, int num2) { // Definition includes return type, function name, and parameters
int product = num1 * num2;
return product;
}
Types of Function: User defined
Functions # include <iostream>
• A user-defined function refers to a using namespace std;
function that users create/ define int max (int a, int b)
on their own to meet the needs of {
if(a > b)
the program. return a;
else
• In doing so, the user must specify return b;
the name, parameters, and return }

type in C++. int main()


{
• This function can then be invoked int x, y, mx;
from any section of the program cin >> x >> y;
/* Code for main */
to carry out a certain job.
}
Type Of C++ Functions Based On Return Value
• Void Function In C++ (Function With No
Return Value)

• Functions that don't return a value are #include <iostream>


Using namespace std;
known as void functions.
void displayMessage() {
• They can execute a sequence of statements cout << “Void function." << endl;
or carry out a specified operation without }
having to deliver a result.
int main() {
• Void functions are frequently used for tasks displayMessage();
return 0;
like output display or carrying out a }
sequence of instructions etc.
C++ Functions With Return
Values
• When you wish to carry
out a certain activity
and produce a value as
a result of that
operation, you utilize
functions with return
values.
• These functions may
utilize fundamental
data types (int, float,
etc.), user-defined
types, or even pointers
as their data types.
Default Arguments
Default Arguments
Example
#include <iostream>
Using namespace std;

int addNumbers(int a, int b) {


int sum = a + b;
return sum;
}
int main( ) {
int result = addNumbers(5, 3);
cout << "The sum is: " << result << endl;
return 0;

}
Example 1
Example 2
C++ Standard Library Functions
(In-built Functions)
• There are a number of built-in functions included in the standard library of C++.
• These functions are present in the corresponding header files and offer a variety of
functionality.
• <cmath>
• <ctime>
• <cstdio>
• <cstring>
• <cctype>
• <iostream>
• <cstdlib>
Example 1:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
int main() {
double number = 16.0;
double squareRoot = sqrt(number);
cout << "The square root of " << number << " is: " << squareRoot
<< endl;
return 0;
}
Example 2:
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
double x = 7.5, y = 2.1;
double result = remainder(x, y);
cout << "Remainder of " << x << "/" << y << " = " << result << endl;
x = -17.50, y=2.0;
result = remainder(x, y);
cout << "Remainder of " << x << "/" << y << " = " << result << endl;
y=0;
result = remainder(x, y);
cout << "Remainder of " << x << "/" << y << " = " << result << endl;
return 0;
}
Function Overloading
• The C++ language's function overloading feature enables the coexistence of
many functions with the same name but various arguments or argument types.

• Function overloading allows you to


create functions that carry out
equivalent actions on several data
types or in different argument
configurations.
• This enhances the readability, reuse,
and flexibility of the code
Syntax
return_type function_name(parameter_list_1) {
// Function implementation
}
return_type function_name(parameter_list_2) {
// Function implementation
}
// Additional overloaded functions with different parameter lists
Example
#include <iostream>
Using namespace std;
int sum(int a, int b) {
return a + b; }
int sum(int a, int b, int c) {
return a + b + c; }
int main() {
int result1 = sum(5, 10); // Call the first overloaded function
cout << "Sum of two integers: " << result1 << endl;
int result2 = sum(2, 4, 6); // Call the second overloaded function
cout << "Sum of three integers: " << result2 << endl;
return 0;
}
ClassWork

• A person is eligible to vote if his/her age is greater than or equal to 18. Define a
function to find out if he/she is eligible to vote.
• Define two functions to print the maximum and the minimum number respectively
among three numbers entered by user.
• Define a function that returns the product of two numbers entered by user.
• Write a program that calculates 6^5. Declare your own function to do this.
• Write a C++ program that take a number from user then output the square of this
number.

You might also like