Twitter Spam

Detection
Using Supervised
Machine Learnings
and
Sentiment Analysis
with API Integration
 Abstract

● Twitter has become a prominent platform for information dissemination, communication, and
marketing.
● However, the rise of spam content on Twitter poses a significant challenge to user experience and
trustworthiness of information shared.
● In this study, we propose a novel approach for detecting spam on Twitter utilizing supervised
machine learning techniques and sentiment analysis with API integration.
● We integrate sentiment analysis APIs to enhance the feature set and improve the discrimination
between spam and legitimate tweets.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION

● The problem we're tackling is the abundance of unwanted and deceitful content, known as spam, on
Twitter.
● We aim to build a system that can automatically identify these spammy tweets and filter them out,
leaving behind only genuine and trustworthy content.
● To do this, we need to gather a diverse set of tweets and teach our system to recognize patterns that
indicate spam behavior, like excessive use of hashtags or repeated content.
● We'll also use sentiment analysis to understand the emotional tone of tweets, helping us tell the
difference between genuine posts and spam.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION OBSERVATIONS LIMITATIONS

DETAILS

Understanding D. Amangeldi, Published in: IEEE The study is the selection of the This challenge can lead to lower
1) Environmental Posts: A. Usmanova Access ( Volume: 12) Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) sentiment analysis accuracy, as
Sentiment and and P. Shamoi, Page(s): approach for sentiment analysis. The sentiment analysis algorithms may
Emotion Analysis of 33504 - 33523 study highlights PMI's interpretability struggle to distinguish nuanced
Social Media Data Date of Publication: and robustness to statistical bias in small positive sentiments from the
29 February 2024 sample sizes, making it a suitable choice overwhelmingly negative tone
ISSN: for analyzing sentiment in prevalent in climate change
2169-3536 environmental tweets. discussions.
DOI:
10.1109/
ACCESS.2024.337158
5
Publisher: IEEE
 LITERATURE SURVEY

S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION OBSERVATIONS LIMITATIONS

DETAILS

Modified Genetic NAZEEH Published in: IEEE This study is that the proposed modified the study could be the lack of
2) Algorithm for Feature GHATASHEH, Access ( Volume: 10) genetic algorithm effectively combines comparison with state-of-the-art
Selection and Hyper ISMAIL Page(s): 84365 - dimensionality reduction and deep learning models specifically
Parameter ALTAHARWA, 84383 hyperparameter optimization to create a designed for text classification tasks,
Optimization: Case of AND KHALED Date of Publication: spam prediction model with high such as recurrent neural networks
XGBoost in Spam ALDEBEI 05 August 2022 accuracy and geometric mean. (RNNs) or transformers like BERT.
Prediction Electronic ISSN:
2169-3536
DOI:
10.1109/
ACCESS.2022.319690
5
Publisher: IEEE
 LITERATURE SURVEY

S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION OBSERVATIONS LIMITATIONS

DETAILS

Policy-Based Spam Dar M, Iqbal F, Published in: The study is the effectiveness of logistic The study is the lack of detailed
3) Detection of Tweets Latif R, Altaf A, Electronics (Volume: regression in achieving high accuracy analysis or discussion on the
Dataset. Electronics Jamail NSM 12) (99.55%) for spam detection in Urdu potential reasons behind logistic
Page(s): 2662 tweets. Despite the dataset's imbalance, regression's superior performance
Date of Publication: logistic regression demonstrated compared to other models
14 June 2023 superior performance compared to
DOI: other machine learning and deep
10.3390/electronics121 learning models such as multinomial
22662 naïve Bayes, support vector machines
Publisher: MDPI (SVM), and BERT.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION OBSERVATIONS LIMITATIONS

DETAILS

Sentiment Analysis on Alisya Mutia Published in: Journal The results indicated that the Naive While sentiment analysis provides
4) Twitter Using Naïve Mantika, of Blockchain, NFTs Bayes classification model achieved valuable insights, it may not fully
Bayes and Logistic Agung and Metaverse higher accuracy for Ganjar Pranowo capture the diverse range of factors
Regression for the Triayudi, Rima Technology (77%) compared to Anies Baswedan influencing public perceptions, such
2024 Presidential Tamara Aldisa Date of Published: (63%) and Prabowo Subianto (44%). as political affiliations, media
Election 1, February 2024, coverage, and socio-economic
Pages 44-55 backgrounds
ISSN: 3030-9832
(Media Online)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5890
5/sana.v2i1.267
 LITERATURE SURVEY

S.NO TITLE AUTHOR PUBLICATION OBSERVATIONS LIMITATIONS

DETAILS

A hybrid Data-Driven Chanchal Published in: This hybrid technique integrates the study does not explore the
5) framework for Spam Kumar, Taran Procedia Computer oversampling and under-sampling potential impact of other factors,
detection in Online Singh Bharti, Science methods to achieve more effective data such as feature selection or the
Social Network Shiv Prakash Pages :124-132, cleaning and improve the performance choice of classifier algorithm, on the
Date of Publication: of spam detection models. performance of the spam detection
31 January 2023 framework.
ISSN: 1877-0509,
DOI:
https://doi.org/
10.1016/
j.procs.2022.12.408.
 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

● Develop a novel approach for detecting spam on Twitter using supervised machine learning
techniques and sentiment analysis with API integration.
● Integrate sentiment analysis APIs to enhance the feature set and improve discrimination between
spam and legitimate tweets.
● Create a system capable of automatically identifying spammy tweets and filtering them out,
leaving behind only genuine and trustworthy content.
● Gather a diverse set of tweets to train the system in recognizing patterns indicative of spam
behavior, such as excessive hashtag usage or repeated content.
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 Data collection will involve gathering a diverse set of tweets for training and testing the spam detection
model.
 Features such as tweet content, user metadata, and sentiment analysis results will be utilized to
distinguish between spam and legitimate tweets.
 The project aims to provide a scalable solution that can handle a large volume of tweets in real-time.
 The system's performance will be evaluated based on metrics such as precision, recall, and accuracy,
using appropriate evaluation methodologies.
 PROPOSED
METHODOLOGY

 The proposed methodology for Twitter spam detection with sentiment analysis integrates machine
learning and natural language processing techniques to address the growing challenge of spam and
misinformation on the platform.
 This approach involves data collection from diverse sources, preprocessing to clean and standardize the
text, and feature extraction to transform the data into numerical representations.
 A classification model is then trained to differentiate between spam and legitimate tweets, while
sentiment analysis assesses the emotional tone of the content.
 By combining these approaches, the methodology aims to provide a comprehensive framework for
identifying and filtering out malicious or harmful content, ultimately enhancing the integrity and user
experience of Twitter.
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
MODEL WORK FLOW
SEQUENCE DIAGRAM
DATA FLOW DIAGRAM
CLASS DIAGRAM
USECASE DIAGRAM
COMPLETE DESIGN
 MODULE DESCRIPTION

 This system leverages advanced machine learning and natural language processing
techniques to automate the process of detecting spam tweets and analysing sentiment
on Twitter.

 By employing deep neural networks and transfer learning approaches, we extract

meaningful features from tweets, enabling accurate classification of spam and non-
spam content. Similarly, our sentiment analysis model processes tweet text to
determine the underlying sentiment, categorizing tweets into positive, negative, or
neutral sentiments.
 DATA PRE-
1 PROCESSING

TESTING
4 CLASSIFIER FOR
SPAM DETECTION

LIST OF TESTING CLASSIFIER

MODULES 2 FOR SENTIMENTAL

ANALYSIS

USER
5 REGISTRATION AND
AUTHENTICATION

USER
3 INTERFACE
DESIGN
 1) DATA
PRE-
PROCESSING

TWEET DATASET PRE-PROCESSING TOKENIZATION REMOVAL OF LEMMATIZATION FEATURE

DATASET STOP WORD SELECTION
 DATA PRE-PROCESSING

TWEET DATASET

 An tweet dataset is prepared for the Spam tweet detection system. Different tweets are
randomly collected from Ling spam dataset.

 The dataset consists of total number of 1000 tweets consisting of both ham and spam
tweets for the classification purpose.

PRE-PROCESSING OF DATASET

 The sentence is split into words known as tokens. From the tokenized words, stop words
are removed. Stop words are unwanted words having no linguistic meaning.

 A text file of approximately 670 stop words is manually prepared and words are
removed from the text at the time preprocessing.
 DATA PRE-PROCESSING

TOKENIZATION

Tokenization is useful both in linguistics (where it is a form of text segmentation), and in computer
science, where it forms part of lexical analysis. Typically, tokenization occurs at the word level.
However, it is sometimes difficult to define what is meant by a "word".

REMOVAL OF STOP WORD

These words are called stop words and the technique is called stop removal. The general strategy for
determining a stop list is to sort the terms by collection frequency and then to make the most frequently
terms, as a stop list, the members of which are discarded during indexing.
 DATA PRE-PROCESSING

LEMMATIZATION
Lemmatization is closely related to stemming. The difference is that a stemmer operates on a
single word without knowledge of the context, and therefore cannot discriminate between words which have
different meanings depending on part of speech.
FEATURE SELECTION
The feature set contains different features like alphanumeric words, language, grammatical or
spelling errors, inappropriate words (words related to advertisement of products/services, dating, adult words
etc), frequency count, document length etc. In SMD system correlation feature selection (CFS) method is
used.
 TESTING CLASSIFIER
FOR SPAM DETECTION

 In the testing phase of the classifier for spam detection, six algorithms were evaluated: Support
Vector Classifier (SVC), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Logistic Regression (LR), Random
Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and XGBoost (XGB).
 The performance of each model was assessed based on accuracy and ROC-AUC scores.
Logistic Regression achieved an accuracy score of 97.61% and an impressive ROC-AUC score
of 99.58%. SVC, however, demonstrated lower performance with an accuracy score of 54.44%
and a ROC-AUC score of 85.81%.
 Random Forest Classifier exhibited outstanding results with an accuracy score of 99.70% and a
ROC-AUC score of 99.92%.
 TESTING CLASSIFIER
FOR SPAM DETECTION

 Multinomial Naive Bayes yielded an accuracy score of approximately 98.28% and a ROC-
AUC score of 97.74%.
 Additionally, an ensemble model combining multiple classifiers achieved an accuracy of
94.23%, with precision, recall, and F1-score values of 94.11%, 94.23%, and 94.11%
respectively.
 These results indicate that Random Forest Classifier outperformed other algorithms in terms
of accuracy and ROC-AUC score, emphasizing its effectiveness in spam detection tasks.
 TESTING CLASSIFIER
FOR SENTIMENTAL
ANALYSIS

 In the testing phase of sentiment analysis, various algorithms were evaluated to assess their
effectiveness in analysing sentiment from textual data.
 The classifiers considered were Multinomial Naive Bayes (Multinomial NB), Bernoulli Naive
Bayes (Bernoulli NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree Classifier, Random
Forest Classifier, and Logistic Regression.
 Each algorithm's performance was measured using several metrics including classification
accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and negative recall.
 TESTING CLASSIFIER
FOR SENTIMENTAL
ANALYSIS

 These results indicate that all models achieved high validation and test accuracies,
demonstrating their effectiveness in sentiment analysis tasks.
 Among the models, LSTM and Bidirectional LSTM performed slightly better in terms of
validation accuracy and validation loss, with LSTM achieving the highest validation
accuracy of 98.744% and the lowest validation loss of 0.0524.
 However, 1D CNN also showed competitive performance with high accuracies and
relatively lower losses.
 Overall, these findings suggest that all tested architectures are suitable for sentiment
analysis, with LSTM exhibiting slightly superior performance in this evaluation.
 USER REGISTRATION
AND AUTHENTICATION

 User registration and authentication serve as fundamental pillars of web application security.
During registration, users provide necessary details, such as username and password, stored
securely in a database.
 Authentication verifies user identity through credentials validation, often employing techniques
like hashed and salted passwords for enhanced security.
 Additional measures like multi-factor authentication bolster protection. Adhering to compliance
standards such as GDPR ensures user privacy.
 Regular audits and security assessments maintain system integrity, fostering trust and reliability
in the application.
 USER INTERFACE
DESIGN

 user interface design plays a crucial role in presenting the analysis results and facilitating user
interaction.
 The user interface should be intuitive, providing easy access to functionalities such as submitting
tweets for analysis, viewing classification results, and adjusting settings.
 Clear visualization of sentiment analysis outcomes and spam detection metrics can aid users in
understanding and interpreting the data effectively.
 Additionally, incorporating responsive design principles ensures seamless accessibility across
different devices, enhancing the overall user experience.
 Performance metrics

Performan Decision Random Logistic

Multinomi Bernoulli
ce SVM tree forest regressio
al NB NB
measures classifier classifier n
Classificat
ion 98.21 96.77 96.59 95.75 97.19 94.92
accuracy
Precision 96.89 96.38 97.13 90.94 98.42 96.61
Recall 95.52 89.81 88.44 91.39 89.87 82.04
F1-score 96.19 92.74 92.16 91.16 93.56 87.47

Negative
99.24 99.44 99.72 97.43 100 99.86
recall
Performance metrics
 CONCLUSION.,

● Spam tweet is one of the most demanding and troublesome internet issues in today’s world of
communication and technology.
● In this project, a Spam Tweet Detection system is introduced which makes use of a naive bayes and
decision tree approach for its implementation.
● The classification algorithms used in this approach are Naive Bayes and SVM.
● Precision: 91% Recall: 98.6%
● The overall accuracy of 99% achieved by the approach based SMD system shows that the experimental
results.
● In order to enhance the system’s performance and results, the concept of boosting approach could be
considered for future work.
● The boosting technique will replace the weak classifier’s learning features with the strong classifier’s
features and thus enhancing the overall system’s performance.