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O Verview and Detailed Explanation of The Simplex Method For Solving Linear Programming Problems

The document provides an overview of linear programming (LP) and the simplex method, which is an iterative algorithm used to optimize a linear objective function under constraints. It outlines the formulation of LP problems, applications of the simplex method, and concepts such as sensitivity analysis and duality. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of linear programming in effective decision-making and resource allocation across various fields.

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7 views10 pages

O Verview and Detailed Explanation of The Simplex Method For Solving Linear Programming Problems

The document provides an overview of linear programming (LP) and the simplex method, which is an iterative algorithm used to optimize a linear objective function under constraints. It outlines the formulation of LP problems, applications of the simplex method, and concepts such as sensitivity analysis and duality. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of linear programming in effective decision-making and resource allocation across various fields.

Uploaded by

markpattinsonjr
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OVERVIEW AND DETAILED

EXPLANATION OF THE
SIMPLEX
METHOD FOR SOLVING
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
OEC CS 701A
Name : Sameer Sharma
PROBLEMS
Roll No : 13000121061
Dept : CSE A
Sem : 7th
Linear
Programming:
An Introduction
Linear programming (LP) is a mathematical technique used to optimize a
linear objective function subject to linear constraints. It's widely applied in
various fields, including business, engineering, and economics, to solve
problems involving resource allocation, production planning, and cost
minimization.
Formulating a Linear
Programming Problem
The first step in solving an LP problem is to formulate it mathematically. This
involves defining decision variables, objective function, and constraints. The
objective function represents the quantity we want to maximize or minimize, while
constraints define the limitations on the decision variables.

Decision Variables Objective Function


The variables representing The function we want to
the choices we can make. maximize or minimize.

Constraints
The limitations on the decision variables.
The Simplex Method
The simplex method is an iterative algorithm used to solve linear programming
problems. It starts with a feasible solution and systematically moves to better
solutions by exploring the edges of the feasible region until an optimal solution is
found.

1 Initialization
Start with an initial feasible solution.

2 Iteration
Move to a better solution by exploring the edges of the feasible
region.

3 Termination
Stop when an optimal solution is found or the problem is infeasible
or unbounded.
Applications of the
Simplex Method
The simplex method has numerous practical applications, including production
planning, resource allocation, portfolio optimization, transportation scheduling, and
diet planning.

1 Production Planning 2 Resource Allocation


Determining optimal production Allocating limited resources, like
levels for different products to labor or materials, among
maximize profit. different activities to achieve
maximum output.

3 Transportation Scheduling
4 Portfolio Optimization
Minimizing the cost of Creating an investment portfolio
transporting goods from multiple that balances risk and return.
sources to multiple destinations.
Simplex Tableau and
Pivot Operations
The simplex method is implemented using a simplex tableau, which is a
table representing the LP problem's coefficients and variables. The
simplex tableau is systematically updated using pivot operations, which
involve choosing a pivot element and performing row operations to
eliminate other elements in the pivot column.

Basic Variables Non-Basic Variables Objective Function

Values Coefficients Constant


Handling Infeasible and Unbounded Problem
Not all LP problems have feasible solutions. Infeasible problems occur when the constraints are contradictory and cannot be
satisfied simultaneously. Unbounded problems occur when the objective function can be made arbitrarily large or small without
violating the constraints.

Infeasible Problems Unbounded Problems

Constraints cannot be satisfied simultaneously. Objective function can be made arbitrarily large or small.
Sensitivity Analysis and
Duality
Sensitivity analysis examines how changes in the problem's parameters, such
as objective function coefficients or constraint coefficients, affect the optimal
solution. Duality is a powerful concept in LP, which provides a way to
understand the problem from a different perspective and obtain information
about the optimal solution.

Sensitivity Analysis
Examines the effect of parameter changes on the optimal
solution.

Duality
Provides a different perspective on the problem.
Optimality Conditions and Termination Criter
The simplex method terminates when an optimal solution is found or the problem is infeasible or unbounded. Optimality conditions
are used to determine whether a solution is optimal. The simplex method iteratively improves the solution until these conditions are
met.

Optimal Solution Infeasible Problem Unbounded Problem


All coefficients in the objective row are A constraint cannot be satisfied. Objective function can be made
non-negative. arbitrarily large or small.
Conclusion
Linear programming is a powerful tool for solving optimization problems
in various fields. The simplex method provides a systematic approach to
finding optimal solutions to LP problems, allowing for effective decision-
making and resource allocation.

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