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Understanding Polymorphism in C++

The presentation discusses polymorphism in C++, defining it as the ability to treat objects of different classes through a common interface. It highlights the benefits of polymorphism, such as reduced code redundancy, flexibility, and support for the Open/Closed Principle. The document also distinguishes between compile-time and run-time polymorphism, providing examples and a code demonstration of virtual functions.

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8 views13 pages

Understanding Polymorphism in C++

The presentation discusses polymorphism in C++, defining it as the ability to treat objects of different classes through a common interface. It highlights the benefits of polymorphism, such as reduced code redundancy, flexibility, and support for the Open/Closed Principle. The document also distinguishes between compile-time and run-time polymorphism, providing examples and a code demonstration of virtual functions.

Uploaded by

dybwalker00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation Title:

•Understanding Polymorphism in •Presented by:


C++
•MEHRAN MUNSIF (FA23-BEE-032)
•ALI NAWAZ (FA23-BEE-057)
•UMER ZEB (FA23-BEE-067)
Polymorphism in C++:
A Grateful Introduction
Polymorphism means "many forms" in programming. It lets us
treat objects uniquely with the same interface. This concept is a
key pillar of Object-Oriented Programming, promoting flexibility
and easy code extension. Common forms include function
overloading, virtual functions, and templates for versatile coding.
What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism means one interface with many
implementations.

It simplifies code by abstracting functionality.

• Different classes respond uniquely.


• Promotes code reuse and maintainability.
Why Use Polymorphism?
Write Less, Do More
Reduces repetitive code, saving time and effort.

Flexibility & Adaptability


Code can evolve without major rewrites.

Dynamic Behavior
Methods execute based on the object's runtime type.

Supports Open/Closed Principle


Software can be extended without modifying existing code.
Types of Polymorphism in C++
Compile-Time (Static) Polymorphism Run-Time (Dynamic) Polymorphism

• Function overloading • Virtual functions


• Templates • Inheritance-based
• Resolved before running the program • Resolved during program execution
Compile-Time
Polymorphism: Function
Overloading
Same Function Name
Allows multiple functions with identical names.

Different Parameters
Functions differ by parameter type or count.

Compile-Time Resolution
Decided by the compiler before runtime.

Example
int add(int,int);
float add(float,float);
Compile-Time
Polymorphism:
Templates
Generic Code
Functions and classes adapt to any data type.

Code Generation
Real code created for each type at compile-time.

Example
template <typename T> T max(T a, T b);
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// Base class
class Shape {
public:
virtual void draw() {
cout << "Drawing a generic shape." << endl;
}
};

// Derived class 1
class Circle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() override {
cout << "Drawing a Circle using compass." << endl;
}
};

// Derived class 2
class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() override {
cout << "Drawing a Rectangle using ruler." << endl;
}
};

// Derived class 3
class Triangle : public Shape {
public:
void draw() override {
cout << "Drawing a Triangle using scale." << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Shape* s;
Circle c;
Rectangle r;
Triangle t;

s = &c;
s->draw();

s = &r;
s->draw();

s = &t;
s->draw();

return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Run-Time
Polymorphism: Virtual
Functions
1 Inheritance
Derived classes inherit from base class.

2 Virtual Functions
Declared in base, overridden in derived classes.

3 Dynamic Dispatch
Function call resolved at runtime based on object type.

4 Example
<virtual void draw();>
Conclusion:
Polymorphism Powers
OOP
Critical for Robust Design
Enables flexible, reusable, maintainable code.

Supports Scalability
Fundamental in modern software development.

Unlock Advanced Patterns


Mastery leads to sophisticated C++ design patterns.
THANK YOU

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