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Internal Architecture of Database Management Systems

The document presents an overview of the internal architecture of Database Management Systems (DBMS), focusing on query processing, transaction management, and storage management. It highlights the importance of optimization techniques in query processing, the ACID properties ensuring transaction reliability, and various storage management strategies. Additionally, it discusses emerging trends such as machine learning integration and advancements in data handling efficiencies.

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4 views8 pages

Internal Architecture of Database Management Systems

The document presents an overview of the internal architecture of Database Management Systems (DBMS), focusing on query processing, transaction management, and storage management. It highlights the importance of optimization techniques in query processing, the ACID properties ensuring transaction reliability, and various storage management strategies. Additionally, it discusses emerging trends such as machine learning integration and advancements in data handling efficiencies.

Uploaded by

alanwalker.ma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Internal Architecture of

Database Management
Systems
This presentation delves into the core components of the internal
architecture of Database Management Systems (DBMS).
Understanding how DBMS operate internally is crucial for computer
science students and database professionals to optimize query
execution, ensure data consistency via transactions, and manage
data storage efficiently. We will explore three fundamental topics:
query processing, transaction management, and storage
management, illustrating each with technical details and examples
to establish a comprehensive understanding.

by famid hossain
Query Processing Overview
Query Processing Stages Importance of Optimization

• Parsing and translation Optimizers consider alternative query plans, index


• Query optimization usage, join algorithms, and statistics about data
distribution. Choosing an optimal plan reduces I/O and
• Query execution
CPU costs significantly, impacting overall system
Query processing transforms high-level SQL commands performance and user response times.
into efficient execution plans. It begins with parsing
and validating syntax, followed by semantic analysis.
Query optimization selects the most efficient strategy
to retrieve data, employing cost estimation and
heuristics. Finally, query execution accesses and
manipulates data accordingly.
Query Optimization Techniques
Rule-Based Optimization Cost-Based Optimization Join Algorithms
Applies predefined heuristic Analyzes multiple query Includes nested loops, sort-
rules to reorder operations or execution plans and selects merge, and hash joins, chosen
select indexes without the plan with the lowest based on data size and
considering costs. estimated resource costs indexing to optimize
using statistical data. performance.
Transaction Management
Fundamentals
ACID Properties Concurrency Control
• Atomicity Mechanisms like locking,
• Consistency timestamp ordering, and
multiversion concurrency control
• Isolation
prevent conflicts and preserve
• Durability
isolation among simultaneous
Transactions ensure database transactions.
reliability by guaranteeing these
four properties, maintaining data
correctness despite concurrent
access and failures.

Recovery Techniques
Recovery protocols use logs and checkpoints to restore databases to
consistent states after crashes or aborts.
Concurrency Control
Methods
Lock-Based Protocols
Employ locks on data items to serialize conflicting
operations, using strict two-phase locking to ensure
serializability.

Timestamp Ordering
Orders transactions logically by timestamps to avoid
conflicts without explicit locking.

Multiversion Concurrency Control


Maintains multiple versions of data to enable readers
to access snapshots without blocking writers.
Storage Management in DBMS
Storage Components File Organization

• Buffer Manager Common methods include heap files, sorted files, and
• File Manager hashed files. The chosen organization impacts retrieval
speed, insertion performance, and space utilization
• Disk Space Manager
based on workload and query patterns.
Storage management controls how data is physically
stored and retrieved. The buffer manager caches data
pages in main memory to reduce disk I/O. The file
manager structures data files and indexes on disk,
optimizing access. The disk space manager handles
allocation and deallocation of blocks on physical
storage devices.
Buffer Management and Disk I/O Optimization
Page Replacement
Strategies like LRU, Clock, or MRU
select which page to evict when
Buffer Pool the buffer is full, impacting
performance.
Maintains a fixed number of
frames in main memory that Disk I/O Minimization
store database pages temporarily
By effectively managing the buffer
for fast access.
pool and optimizing data
placement on disk, DBMS reduce
expensive disk I/O operations.
Summary and Future Trends

Emerging Trends
Efficient Storage
Integration of machine
Reliable Transaction Systems
learning in optimization,
Robust Query Processing Management
Buffer pools, file organization, distributed transaction
Efficient parsing, Guarantees data consistency and disk management protocols, and non-volatile
optimization, and execution and durability even in highly combine to optimize data memory storage
drive quick retrieval and concurrent environments. handling. architectures are shaping the
minimal computational cost. future of DBMS internals.

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