VIRTUALIZATION TECHNIQUES

Cloud Deployment Models and

Virtualization

Deployment models: Public cloud – Private Cloud –Hybrid

cloud – Community cloud - Need for virtualization – Types
of Virtualization – Virtualization OS – VMware, KVM –
System VM – Process VM - Virtual Machine Monitor –
Properties - Xen, Hyper V, Virtual Box, Eucalyptus
•TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS
1. William von Hagen, Professional Xen Virtualization, Wrox Publications, January, 2008.
2. Chris Wolf, Erick M. Halter, Virtualization: From the Desktop to the Enterprise, APress 2005
3. Kumar Reddy, Victor Moreno, Network virtualization, Cisco Press, July, 2006.
4. James E. Smith, Ravi Nair, Virtual Machines: Versatile Platforms for Systems and
Processes, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann, 2005.
5. David Marshall, Wade A. Reynolds, Advanced Server Virtualization: VMware and Microsoft
Platform in the Virtual Data Center, Auerbach Publications, 2006.
Virtualization in Cloud Computin
g

• Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than

actual) version of something, such as a server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or
network resources"..

• In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which

allows to share a single physical instance of a resource
or an application among multiple customers and
organizations.
What Is Virtualization?

• Virtualization is simply the logical separation of the request for some

service from the physical resources that actually provide that service.

• In practical terms, virtualization provides the ability to run applications,

operating systems, or system services in a logically distinct system
environment that is independent of a specific physical computer system.

• . Virtualization’s focus on logical operating environments rather than

physical ones makes applications, services, and instances of an operating
system portable across different physical computer systems.
Example of virtualization
• People are already familiar with is virtual memory, which enables a
computer system to appear to have more memory than is physically
installed on that system.

• Virtual memory is a memory-management technique that enables an

operating system to see and use noncontiguous segments of memory
as a single, contiguous memory space. Virtual memory is traditionally
implemented in an operating system by paging,
 virtualization
• Modern operating systems such as UNIX-like operating systems
(including Linux, the *BSD operating systems, and Mac OS X) and
Microsoft Windows all use some form of virtual memory to enable the
operating system and applications to access more data than would fit
into physical memory.

•there are many different types of virtualization, all rooted around the core idea
of providing logical access to physical resources. Today, virtualization is
commonly encountered in networking, storage systems, and server processes,
at the operating system level and at the machine level.

•. Xen, the subject of this book, supports machine-level virtualization using a

variety of clever and powerful techniques
Server Consolidation

•
Definition - Server consolidation refers to thServer
Consolidation e use of a physical server to accommodate one
or more server applications or user instances. Server
consolidation makes it possible to share a server’s compute
resources among multiple applications and services
simultaneously. It is mainly used to reduce the number of servers
required in an organization.
 The Basics of Virtualization
• A great example of how virtualization works in your daily life is the
separation of your hard drive into different parts.

• While you may have only one hard drive, your system sees it as two,
three or more different and separate segments.

• Similarly, this technology has been used for a long time.

 Virtual Machine Monitor
• A Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) is a software
program
• That enables the creation, management and
governance of virtual machines (VM) and manages
the operation of a virtualized environment on top of a
physical host machine. VMM is also known
as Virtual Machine Manager
Virtual Machine
• Virtual Machine is defined as software of a computer which
provides the functionality similar to the physical
computers
• They run operating system and applications on top of
it but they differ from the physical computer
• The fact that they are computer files, known as an image
which runs on top of physical computers using the
hypervisor.
• Due to this the user has the liberty of running multiple
operating systems on top of the main operating system
without the need of buying additional physical resource.
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine
• This means that a computer is created inside a computer. It works
in a window, like any program, providing the end-user with the
same virtual system
• Many virtual machines can run on the same physical computer
simultaneously. For servers, several operating systems run side-
by-side with the software known to be managed as a hypervisor,
• . A hypervisor, also known as a virtual machine monitor or VMM,
is software that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs).
A hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple guest
VMs by virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and
processing.
•
Virtual Machine
• whereas desktop computers normally run other
operating systems in their program windows by using
one operating system.Experience on the host operating
system.

• A hypervisor, sometimes called a virtual machine

monitor (VMM),
Virtual Machine Advantages
Cost-Effective Software

• VMware software is an affordable software that most large

scale business can easily afford. Cost-effective does not mean
that anyone can afford it but used as other parts that help in
business growth.

• It improves your business virtualization at affordable rates that

have an outstanding track record. So, if you are looking for any
type of software for cloud computing then you must give
VMware a try.
Entire Test Environment is Low Budget

• While testing multiple applications in multiple environments can

cost you very high.
• But the availability of VMware made things easy and low
budget. With the existing function of multiple handling
environments.
• you can do the entire software test at a reasonable price.
Fast Rollback Feature

• VMware software is totally an environment based software for

testing and cloud computing.

• At the time of adding or creating a new virtual machine, if you

face any type of error then you can easily rollback all the things
like before.

• Using fast rollback features is very beneficial if you suddenly

faced a major or minor error and want to end the process.
Adding New Virtual Machine is Easy

• One of the best features or advantages of VMware, you can

easily add a new virtual machine in plenty of time.
• Even the newcomers with basic knowledge can implement a
virtual machine which is quite impressive.
• Anyone can create an OS (Operating System) or environment
with a few simple steps.
Multiple OS Allowed

• VMware allows a user to install or create multiple virtual machines

so they can relatively works on it.
• Not only create but also you can easily access them at the same
time which is totally impressive.
• For example, you can create a virtual machine with the
environment Linux based. After that, you can add some more
operating systems like Windows 7, XP, 10, and some others at the
same time.
• And by launching all these virtual machines at the same time you
can easily teleport yourself from one environment to another
one.
Easy to Delete Virtual Machine

• Just like adding virtual machine features of VMware, you can

also delete the entire or specific virtual machine as per need.
• It takes a few minutes to perform that task and clean the
storage of your device.
• After deleting the virtual memory, you have the storage space,
in which you can create another virtual machine. Fulfilling such
user requirements is one of the advantages of VMware.
Wide Number of Users

• Many users make use of VMware for different purposes.

• Some users use it for testing software or program in different
environments. On the other hand, some users use VMware as a
virtual machine and perform ethical hacking practices over it.
Virtual Machine Disadvantages
Low Performance

• VMware software is designed to work on high-class devices.

So, as per this condition, if your business doesn’t have the best
system then you will get low performance.
• The same rule applies to personal users too who use VMware
for multipurpose use. VMware helps to create a different OS
environment that runs on your system resources.
Lack of Reliability

• The physical devices play an important role.

• Because of this problem lack of reliability occurs. You
can’t measure how reliable VMware software can be
which is quite depressing.
• If your device is not super fast then you will face a lot
of problems for sure.
Need Handling Skills

• Using VMware is not just too easy for anyone who does not
have any technical background.
• Also, there’s a chance you probably corrupt your storage
device, which is the worst case. So, either you read the basics
from the official site or online tutorial after that use the VMware.
Not Best For Complete Physical Product Testing

• VMware is designed to test the software or program in a

different environment.
• But this advanced technology is not best for that software that
relies on complete physical testing.
• For example, if you are testing a program’s functionalities like
Storage, Speed, Reliability and more then you won’t get
accurate results at all.
• Because reliability and speed are totally depending on your
physical testing rather than the environment.
Types of Virtualization in Cloud Computing
• Here are six methodologies to look at when talking
about virtualization techniques in cloud computing:

• Network Virtualization
• Storage Virtualizing
• Server Virtualization - Machine Virtualization
• Data Virtualization
• Desktop Virtualizing
• Application Virtualization
• System-level or Operating Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization:

• When the virtual machine software or virtual machine

manager (VMM) is directly installed on the hardware system is
known as hardware virtualization.
• The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the
processor, memory and other hardware resources.
• After virtualization of hardware system we can install different
operating system on it and run different applications on those OS.
• Usage:
• Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms,
because controlling virtual machines is much easier than controlling
a physical server.
Virtualization in Cloud Computing

• Virtualization is the "creation of a virtual (rather than

actual) version of something, such as a server, a
desktop, a storage device, an operating system or
network resources"..

• In other words, Virtualization is a technique, which

allows to share a single physical instance of a resource
or an application among multiple customers and
organizations.
Desktop virtualization
• Desktop virtualization is technology that lets users simulate a
workstation load to access a desktop from a connected device
remotely or locally.
• This separates the desktop environment and its applications from the
physical client device used to access it.
• Desktop virtualization can be achieved in a variety of ways, but the
most important two types of desktop virtualization are based on
whether the operating system instance is local or remote.
Local Desktop Virtualization

• Local desktop virtualization means the operating system runs on a

client device using hardware virtualization, and all processing and
workloads occur on local hardware.
• This type of desktop virtualization works well when users do not need
a continuous network connection and can meet application
computing requirements with local system resources.
• However, because this requires processing to be done locally you
cannot use local desktop virtualization to share VMs or resources
across a network to thin clients or mobile devices.
Remote Desktop Virtualization

• Remote desktop virtualization is a common use of virtualization that

operates in a client/server computing environment.
• This allows users to run operating systems and applications from a
server inside a data center while all user interactions take place on a
client device.
• This client device could be a laptop, thin client device, or a
smartphone. The result is IT departments have more centralized
control over applications and desktops, and can maximize the
organization’s investment in IT hardware through remote access to
shared computing resources.
The benefits of desktop virtualization?
• Resource Management:
Desktop virtualization helps IT departments get the most
out of their hardware investments by consolidating most of
their computing in a data center.

• Desktop virtualization then allows organizations to issue

lower-cost computers and devices to end users because
most of the intensive computing work takes place in the
data center.

• By minimizing how much computing is needed at the

endpoint devices for end users, IT departments can save
money by buying less costly machines.
Security
• Desktop virtualization software provides IT admins centralized security
control over which users can access which data and which applications. If
a user’s permissions change because they leave the company, desktop
virtualization makes it easy for IT to quickly remove that user’s access to
their persistent virtual desktop and all its data—instead of having to
manually uninstall everything from that user’s devices.
• And because all company data lives inside the data center rather than on
each machine, a lost or stolen device does not post the same data risk. If
someone steals a laptop using desktop virtualization, there is no company
data on the actual machine and hence less risk of a breach.
Network virtualization
• In computing, network virtualization is the process of
combining hardware and software network resources
and network functionality into a single, software-based
administrative entity, a virtual network.

External network virtualization combines or subdivides one

or more local area networks (LANs) into virtual networks to
improve a large network's or data center's efficiency.
Storage Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
• . There are 2 servers with the virtual volumes.
• These virtual volumes may be mapped to different
applications.
• Between the actual storage and the virtual volume there
is virtualization layer which helps in redirecting the I/O.
• Understand that the physical storage or hard disks are
combined or grouped together and then with the help of
virtualization software this physical disks are divided
into small blocks of data as per the requirements,
• which is presented to remote servers as a virtual disk.
These virtual blocks of data look as the physical disk to
the server.
Benefits of Storage Virtualization

• It is highly scalable.
• It allows easy addition and deletion of storage without affecting
any application.
• Easy data migration.
• Easy storage management.
•
 Server virtualization
• Server virtualization is the process of creating multiple
server instances from one physical server. Each server
instance represents an isolated virtual environment.
Within each virtual environment, you can run a separate
operating system.
• A virtualization software allowed you to “break up” your
physical server into multiple virtual ones. By doing so, you
can utilize your physical resources to the fullest, without
investing in more hardware.
Types of Server Virtualization
• There are three (3) approaches to server virtualization
based on the isolation they provide:
1.Full virtualization or virtual machine model
2.Paravirtual machine model
3.Virtualization at the OS level
Full virtualization or virtual machine model
• In a full virtual machine model, the hypervisor
completely isolates guest machines.
• It shares the hardware of the host machine but runs
as if being on a completely autonomous computer,
unaware of the hypervisor and its role.
• These VMs see themselves as self-reliant and efficient.
Therefore you do not need to adapt or specially
modify their instances of operating systems.
Paravirtual Machine
• When you need multiple virtual machines and have
flexible resource sharing, a fully virtualized
environment may not be necessary. In this case, a
para virtualized environment may better suit the
situation.

• Para-virtualization involves the entire network working

together as a cohesive unit. Since each operating system
on the virtual servers is aware of one another in para-
virtualization, the hypervisor does not need to use as much
processing power to manage the operating systems.
Operating System Layer
• Virtualization at the OS level is a feature of an operating system which
has a kernel that allows the existence of multiple user-space instances.
We call this type of virtualization containerization and these user-space
instances containers .
• Programs can run inside the container but are restricted only to the
content of the container and devices assigned to that container. Unlike
the primary OS, these user-space instances believe they have all available
resources but are limited to the resources allocated to the container.
• As this level of virtualization uses the same OS and kernel as the host, it
can only differ from its host by the version of OS. Therefore it is limited as
it can’t have a different OS than its host.
OS Virtualization

• As in cloud technology, virtualization plays an important role to make things

easy and efficiently done, virtualization also need to be done at the OS level
also.
• More commonly called OS-level virtualization. A type of
server virtualization technology which works at the OS layer.
• The physical server and single instance of the operating
system is virtualized into multiple isolated partitions, where each partition
replicates a real server.

• With the technique of virtualized OS, nothing is required to be pre-installed

or permanently loaded on the local storage device.
OS-level virtualization
• Here the kernel of an OS allows more than one isolated user-space
instances to exist. Such instances are called containers/software
containers or virtualization engines.
• In other words, OS kernel will run a single operating system & provide
that operating system's functionality to replicate on each of the
isolated partitions.
Uses of OS Virtualization

• Used for virtual hosting environment.

• Used for securely allocation of finite hardware resources among a large
number of distrusting users.
• To improvised security by separating several applications to several
containers.
• These forms of virtualization don't require hardware to work efficiently.
How to install Linux on
Windows With a VMware
Virtual Machine
Installation of VMware
Workstation Player
• Now head over to official VMware site, download the VMware
Workstation Player and install the application with the help of
installation wizard. After the installation, open up the player which
should look something like
Setting up VMware Workstation Player for Ubuntu
Advantages of OS virtualization
• OS virtualization usually imposes little or no overhead.
• OS Virtualization is capable of live migration
• It can also use dynamic load balancing of containers between nodes
and a cluster.
• The file level copy-on-write (CoW) mechanism is possible on OS
virtualization which makes easier to back up files, more space-
efficient and simpler to cache than the block-level copy-on-write
schemes.