Noida Institute of Engineering and

Technology, Greater Noida

Statistical process and Quality control

Unit: 04
Total Quality Management

SUBJECT CODE: AOE0861

Dr. Rajeev Kumar
Assistant Professor

B Tech VIII Sem. Department of Mechanical Engineering

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 Noida Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Greater Noida
Faculty Profile
Name : Dr Rajeev Kumar
Qualification: B.E. (Mech.) M.Tech. (MSE) ,Ph.D. (IIT Dhanbad)
Designation: Assistant Professor
Department: M.E.
Experience: 16 years
Subjects Taught: Research Process Methodology, Simulation &
Modelling, Basic Thermodynamics,
Power Plant Engineering,
Manufacturing Science-II,
Research Process Methodology,

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 EVALUATION SCHEME

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Dr. Rajeev Kumar TQM Unit4
 SUBJECT SYLLABUS

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 Branch wise Application

• For all Braches of engineering the Total Quality Management is used to

• fault detection on production level

• Quality functions in services

• Total productive maintenance

• Leadership in quality control

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 Course Objectives

The intended objectives of this course are given as follows:

• Study about evolution of Total Quality Management,
inspection and control of a product.
• Study about organization structure , design and quality
function
• Analysis of control chart and its application
• Study of defects diagnosis and its prevention
• Study about various standards and its concepts

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 Course Outcomes

Course outcomes : After completion of this course students will be able to

CO 1 K1, K2
Study about evolution of Total Quality Management, inspection
and control of a product.. .
CO 2 K1, K4
Study about organization structure , design and quality function

CO 3 K3
Analysis of control chart and its application

CO 4 Study of defects diagnosis and its prevention K2

CO 5 Study about various ISO standards and its concepts K2

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 Program Outcomes

• Program Outcomes are narrow statements that describe what the students
are expected to know and would be able to do upon the graduation.

• These relate to the skills, knowledge, and behavior that students acquire
through the programmed.
1. Engineering knowledge
9. Individual and team work
2. Problem analysis
10. Communication
3. Design/development of solutions
11. Project management and
4. Conduct investigations of complex
finance
problems
12. Life-long learning
5. Modern tool usage
6. The engineer and society
7. Environment and sustainability
8. Ethics
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 CO-PO Mapping

COs PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12

AOE0861.1 3 2 1 2 - - - 2

AOE0861.2 3 3 2 - - - - - - - - 2

AOE0861.3 2 3 2 2 - - - - - - - 2

AOE0861.4 3 3 3 2 - - - - - - - 2

AOE0861.5 3 2 1 - - - - - - - - 2

AVERAGE 2.8 2.6 2 2 - - - - - - - 2

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 Program Specific Outcomes

• Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs) are what the students should be able to do at the
time of graduation. The PSOs are program specific. PSOs are written by the department
offering the program.
• On successful completion of B. Tech. (EC) Program, the Electronics and Communication engineering
graduates will be able to:

PSO1: To apply the knowledge of mathematics, science and electronics & communication engineering to
work effectively in the industry based on same or related area.

PSO2: To use their skills to work in modern electronics & communication engineering tools, software and
equipments to design solutions for complex problems in the related field that meet the specified
needs of the society.

PSO3: To function effectively as an individual and as a member or leader of a team by qualifying through
examinations like GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering), IES (Indian Engineering
Services), PSUs (Public Sector Undertakings), TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language),
GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) and GRE (Graduate Record Examinations in
US) etc.
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 CO-PSO Mapping

COs PSO 1 PSO 2 PSO 3

AOE0861.1 3 3 3

AOE0861.2
3 3 3

AOE0861.3
3 3 3

AOE0861.4
3 3 3

AOE0861.5
3 3 3

Avg.
3 3 3

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 Program Educational Objectives
(PEOs)

Not applicable

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 End Semester Question paper Template
B.Tech (Semester -Theory Examination 2021-22) Total Marks : 100
Note: Attempt all sections. If require any missing data, then choose suitably. Time: 3 hours
Section A
1. Attempt all questions in brief. 2 X 10 = 20
Q. No. Question Marks CO
a. to j 2
Section B
2. Attempt any three of the following 3 X 10 = 30
Q. No. Question Marks CO
a to e 10
Section C
Question no. 3,4,5,6,7. Attempt any one of the following 1 X 10 = 10
a 10
b 10

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 Prerequisite

Prerequisite:
• Basic knowledge of Statistical Analysis.
• Knowledge of Production process.
• Basic Knowledge of Management policy

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 Brief Introduction about the Subject
with videos
This course is intended to provide the students with a comprehensive all
essential quality control techniques needed for designers, engineers,
manufacturing plants and service sectors. It gives details of quality concepts,
control on purchased product, manufacturing quality, Total Quality
Management, human factor in quality, control charts, defects diagnosis and
prevention, quality standards
Video Link
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iecj9xmIfXM&ab/channel=nptelhrd
• https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117/106/11710686
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWlAOFs04gk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QifqIoUNTJl
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qb3mvJ1gb9g
•05/26/2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ePeXePNLr
Dr. Rajeev Kumar TQM Unit4 15
 Unit Content

Statistical process and Quality control

 Introduction to Statistical process control

 Quality function deployment (QFD)

 Taguchi quality loss function

 Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)

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 Unit Objective

• The intended objectives of this unit are the Study of Statistical

process and Quality control

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 Topic Objective/Topic Outcome

Topic Objective Topic outcome Mappi

ng
with
CO
Student are able to CO4
Introduction to understand basic of
statistical process control
Statistical process

control

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 Introduction (CO4)
The most important word in
Statistical Quality control is Quality
The quality of a product is satisfactory when it is able to satisfy the
stated and implied needs of the customer.
• Customer or consumer is a person or organization that use the
product.
• Quality doesn’t mean merely the goodness or fitness of a
finished product. It is a relative term and is used generally with
reference to the end use of the product.
• Since a product is manufactured for the use of a customer, the
requirements of the customer dictates the quality of the
product.
Quality is to be planned, achieved, controlled and improved
continuously.
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 Introduction (CO4)

• Distinct meanings of quality

- Quality of Design

- Quality of Conformance
Quality of design refers to the differences in the specifications for
products which have the same use.
Eg.: Different brands of razor blades may differ in their specifications
w.r.to the steel used, sharpness, corrosiveness, price etc., though they
serve the same functional purpose.

Quality of design thus refers to the method of construction, processing,

material used, style factors, safety factors etc.

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 Introduction (CO4)

Quality control is a name given to the collection of

techniques and devices used to manage, monitor and
control all the steps in the production of a product of
desired quality.

It is a powerful statistical technique for effective

diagnosis of lack of quality (or lack of conformity to
settled standards) in any of the materials, processes,
machines or end products.

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 Introduction (CO4)

Aims or Objectives of SQC

• To improve the company's income by manufacturing products
more acceptable to the customers, providing long life, greater
usefulness, maintainability etc.
• To reduce company’s cost through reduction of the losses due to
defects(non conformities), ie. to achieve lower scrap, rework,
customer returns etc.
• To produce optimum quality at minimum cost.
• To ensure satisfaction of consumers with products to build
goodwill, confidence, reputation of manufacturers.
• Judging conformity of the products to the stated standards and
taking suitable action where there are non conformities.
• Developing quality consciousness in the organization.
• Provide a running Dr.
commentary
Rajeev KumaronTQM
the performance
Unit4 of machines
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and operations in the production process.
 Introduction (CO4)

Quality Characteristics
• When quality is considered, it is specified by one or more
characteristics and can be studied independently or jointly.
• The quality may be
• Technological
(Strength, Hardness, Diameter, Life length etc.)
• Psychological
(Taste, Beauty, odour etc.)
• Ethical
(Honesty, Integrity, Incorruptibility etc.)
• Contractual
(Guarantee, Safety, Provisions etc.)

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 Introduction (CO4)

The quality characteristics observed in industry may be generally

classified into any of the following categories
• Directly measurable (Variable)
( Thickness, life length, temperature, tensile strength etc., producing
continuous data)
• Non-measurable (Attributes)
(Cracks, Breakages, Assembly defects, Air bubbles etc.,
producing discrete data)

The variations affecting a production process are broadly classified as

being due to two causes
– Chance causes (common causes/random causes)
- Assignable causes(non random causes or special causes)
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 Introduction (CO4)
The main purpose of Statistical Quality Control is to derive statistical techniques
which would help us in separating the assignable causes of variation from the
chance causes of variation, thus enabling to take actions whenever assignable
causes are present in the production process.
• The elimination of
assignable causes is
described as bringing a
process under control.
• A production process is
said to be under
statistical control
( or simply under
control), if it is governed
by chance causes only, in
the absence of assignable
causes of variation.

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 Introduction (CO4)

Basic principles of SQC

• In a production process, we are trying constantly to make products that meet
the customers requirements.
• We are also trying to make each items or products as much like as the others
as possible.
• For this we must keep control of our operations.
• Just like a doctor use temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure readings, sugar
levels, cholesterol levels etc. to keep track of the patients condition, we use
control charts to monitor the condition of our production process .
• When properly used, control charts will tell us three things,
- When we are doing some thing we should not
- When we are not doing something we should
- When we are doing things right
Generally, control charts will indicate how well our job is.
They will provide us with STOP and GO signals.
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 Introduction (CO4)

The ideas and techniques of statistical process control are based on

the following six principles.
1. No two things are exactly alike( ie. Variability is inherent in all production
processes.
2. Variation in a product or process can be measured.
3. Things vary according to a definite pattern
4. Whenever things of the same kind are measured, a large group of the
measurements cluster around the middle ( normal curve assumption)
5. It is possible to determine the shape of the distribution curve for products
manufactured by any process.
6. Variation due to assignable causes tend to distort the normal distribution
curve.
Statistical methods give us a way to picturise and control
quality through use of Histograms and Control charts
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 Topic Objective/Topic Outcome

Topic Objective Topic outcome Mappi

ng
with
CO
Student are able to CO4
Introduction to Quality understand basic of QFD

function deployment

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 Introduction (CO4)

• Quality function deployment was first developed in Japan in the Kobe

Shipyards in 1970.
• Today more than 10,000 companies in America and West Europe are
utilizing the techniques of QFD.
– Automotive industry the furthest in implementation of QFD
• QFD is an analytical process which provides an approach to deploying
the voice of the customer through all aspects of the product
development process.
• It is a planning tool used to fulfill customer expectations.
• A disciplined approach to product design, engineering, and production
and provides in-depth evaluation of a product.

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 Introduction (CO4)

• Using QFD for new product development always involves a cross-functional team
with the skills necessary for designing the product, writing engineering
specifications, purchasing materials, and planning the tooling and production
work.
• The efforts of these teams eliminate rework and typically reduce development time
by as much as 50%.
• QFD helps identify new quality technology and job functions to carry out
operations.
• This tool provides a historic reference to enhance future technology and prevent
design errors.
• QFD is basically a set of graphically oriented planning matrices that are used as
the basis for decisions affecting any phase of the product development cycle.
• QFD results are measured based on the number design and engineering changes,
time to market, cost and quality.
• QFD enables the design phase to concentrate on customer requirements, spending
less time on redesign and modifications.
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 QFD TEAMS (CO4)

TYPES OF TEAMS
• A. New product.
• B. Improving an existing product.
– Teams consist of members from marketing, design, quality, finance
and production.
TEAM MEETINGS
• A. The project manager and team members need to commit a
significant amount of time, especially in the early stages.

• B. Priorities and the scope of the project need to be clearly defined and
told to all departments within the organization so time can be budgeted
appropriately.

• C. Duration of meetings vary depending on where team’s members are

coming from and what needs to be accomplished.

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 THE VOICE OF CUSTOMER (CO4)

QFD begins with marketing to find out what exactly the customer wants
from a product.

Sources for Determining Customer Expectations

1. Focus Groups
2. Surveys
3. Complaints
4. Consultants
5. Standards
6. Federal Regulations

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 THE VOICE OF CUSTOMER (CO4)

The QFD Team Must Continually Ask:

1. What does the customer really want?
2. What are the customer’s expectations?
3. Are the customer’s expectations used to drive the design process?
4. What can the design team do to achieve customer satisfaction?

Collecting the Data

• Solicited
• Unsolicited
• Quantitative
• Qualitative
• Structured
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 THE VOICE OF CUSTOMER (CO4)

Organizing the Data

The Affinity Diagram gathers a large amount of data and organizes the
data into groups based on natural interrelationships.
• The Affinity Diagram is ideally suited for most QFD applications;other
data organizers include:
• Interrelationship Diagrams, Tree Diagrams, Cause and Effect Diagram

Reasons to implement :
1. Thoughts are too widely dispersed or numerous to organize.
2. New solutions are needed to circumvent the more traditional ways of
problem solving.
3. Support for a solution is essential for successful implementation.

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 THE VOICE OF CUSTOMER (CO4)

Constructing the
Affinity Diagram
• Phrase the objective
• Record all responses
• Group the responses
• Organize groups in
an affinity diagram

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 Topic Objective/Topic Outcome

Topic Objective Topic outcome Mappi

ng
with
CO
Student are able to CO4
Introduction to Taguchi understand basic of
Taguchi quality loss
quality loss function function

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

• Taguchi Methods are statistical methods developed largely by GENICHI

TAGUCHI to improve quality of manufactured goods.
• The philosophy of off-line quality control.
• Innovations in the design of experiments.

Taguchi Loss Function Definition

• Taguchi defines Quality as "the loss imparted by the product to society
from the time the product is shipped."
• LOSS = Cost to operate, Failure to function, maintenance and repair
cost, customer dissatisfaction, poor design, injury to health, accidents
etc.
• Product to be produced "being within specification“

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 TAGUCHI LOSS FUNCTION (CO4)

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 Topic Objective/Topic Outcome

Topic Objective Topic outcome Mappi

ng
with
CO
CO4
Introduction to Total Student are able to

Productive Maintenance understand basic of Total

(TPM) Productive Maintenance

(TPM)

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 Topic Objective/Topic Outcome

What is Maintenance?
The Management,control,execution and quality assurance of activitis
which ensure the achievement of optimum availability and performance
of a plant in order to meet business objectives.

Types of maintenance:

 Preventive Maintenance
 Predictive Maintenance
 Scheduled Maintenance
 Breakdown Maintenance

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 Total Productive Maintenance
(CO4)

What is Total Productive Maintenance?

T: TOTAL
 Participation of all Employees.
 Include all Departments, operation, equipment and process.
P: PRODUCTIVE
 Pursue the maximization system of efficiency of the production by
making all loses zero.
 Zero accidents Zero defects Zero breakdowns.
M: MAINTENANCE
 To improve the efficiency of the equipment.
 Maintenance means the entire life cycle of the production system

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 Total Productive Maintenance
(CO4)

IT IS A JAPANESE APPROACH, AND IT IS ABOUT TO:

 Creating company culture for maximum efficiency
 Striving to prevent losses with minimum cost
 Zero breakdowns and failures, Zero accident, and Zero defects etc.
 The essence of team work (small group activity) focused on condition
and performance of facilities to achieve zero loss for improvement
 Involvement of all people from top management to operator
 TPM first introduced in Japan 20 years ago and rigorously been
applied in past 10 years
 TPM planning & implementation in Japanese factories supported by
JIPM (Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance)

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 Total Productive Maintenance
(CO4)
Why need TPM?
 Avoid wastage in a quickly changing economic environment.
 Producing goods without reducing product quality.
 Reduce cost.
 Goods send to the customers must be non defective.

TPM Objectives:
 Increase production while, at the same time, increasing employee morale and
job satisfaction.
 Hold emergency & unscheduled maintenance to a minimum.
 To provide the safe and good working environment to the worker.
 Achieve Zero Defects, Zero Breakdown and Zero accidents in all functional areas
of the organization.
 Involve people in all levels of organization.
 Form different teams to reduce defects and Self Maintenance.
 To fulfill Regulatory compliances.
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 Total Productive Maintenance
(CO4)
TPM TARGETS:

1 PRODUCTION
i) Obtain Minimum 80% Overall Production Efficiency
ii) Obtain Minimum 90% Overall Equipment Effectiveness
iii) Run the Machine during lunchtime
2 QUALITY
Operate in a manner, so that there are no customer complaint
3 COST
Reduce the manufacturing cost as much as possible
4 DELIVERY
Achieve 100% success in delivering the goods as required by the customer
5 SAFETY
Maintain an accident free environment
7 MULTYTASK
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Develop Rajeev
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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)

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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)

PILLAR 1:
Focused improvement
• The Focused Improvement pillar is basically synonymous with Kaizen,
the Japanese organizational philosophy focused on implementing
incremental improvements.
• Characteristically of Kaizen, all personnel involved in production are
encouraged to pay attention to, look for, and suggest improvements.
• The ultimate goal being, naturally, to reduce production-related issues
and keep the line flowing.
• Practically, Kaizen in TPM entails forming cross-departmental team that
brainstorm about how to address issues related to machinery and
equipment.
• These are called Kaizen events or Kaizen blitzes.

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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)

PILLAR 2:
Autonomous Maintenance
• Autonomous maintenance enables operators to fulfil duties that would
normally be performed by maintenance personnel.
• It stimulates frontline workers to take ownership of their machines and
perform routine maintenance practices like cleaning, inspection and
lubrication (CIL) tasks.
• This pillar connects operators to their machines and allows engineers
and maintenance teams to focus on tasks that require a higher level of
expertise.
• Autonomous maintenance enables operators to detect faults early and
tackle minor issues before they develop into large problems.
• Over time, implementing autonomous maintenance will have a big
impact on shop floor performance.

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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)

PILLAR 3:
Quality Maintenance
• This TPM pillar aims to reduce quality defects and, consequently, the
need to rework defective products.
• The ultimate goal is to increase production efficiency, eliminate rework-
related costs, and improve customer satisfaction.
• Defects can be managed through RCAs and by implementing
preventative measures like digital production start-up checklists.
PILLAR 4:
Planned Maintenance
• Breakdowns can be prevented by scheduling maintenance activities
when a machine isn’t scheduled for production.
• This ensures that maintenance has no impact on the flow of production.
• Closely related to autonomous maintenance, this pillar lets operators
perform maintenance tasks to free up time for maintenance and
engineering teams.Dr. Rajeev Kumar TQM
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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)
PILLAR 5:
Early Management
• This pillar enables a fault-free and smooth implementation of new
equipment and machinery.
• By applying the knowledge gained through the application of other
pillars (e.g. autonomous maintenance), the installation and start-up time
can be lowered, while maintenance is done properly from the start.
PILLAR 6:
Training and Education
• Naturally, investing in the continued education of operators and
management will enable to manage the increasing complexity of modern
machinery.
• This sixth pillar encourages managers to survey the capabilities in their
factory.
• This gives them an overview of the present skill and enables them to
make substantiated investments in training and education.
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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)

PILLAR 7:
Safety, Environment, and Health (SHE)
• This pillar aims to create a workplace that is free of any hazards and
safety risks.
• It can be corrective as well as preventive:
– Corrective actions fix something after it has happened,
– while preventive actions proactively look at possibly unsafe
situations and mitigate them before they turn into an accident.

• Next to the elimination of accidents from the shop floor, this pillar seeks
to create a work environment that is healthy for its workers, both
physically and mentally. Attention should be paid to issues like air
quality, proper workload, available facilities and so on.

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 PILLARS OF TPM (CO4)
PILLAR 8:
Administrative TPM
• Last but certainly not least, the Administrative TPM pillar includes
aspects of an organization outside of the shop floor, like logistics and
planning.
• It aims to apply the TPM philosophy to other processes within a
business to, just like with equipment, eliminate waste and cut costs.

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 BENEFITS OF TPM (CO4)

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 DAILY QUIZ

1. What Is PDCA?
2. What is Four Phases of the PDCA Cycle?
3. When to Use PDCA?
4. How to Use PDCA in Your Life?
5. What is the key points of PDCA?

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 WEEKLY ASSIGNMENT

• Explain what is QFD, (Quality Function Deployment)?

• What is management’s role in continual quality
improvement ?
• Discuss the Kaizen approach. Explain
pdca cycle
• Explain zero defect
• Explain 5S
• Define benchmarking
•05/26/2025
​How can you apply benchmarking
Dr. Rajeev Kumar TQMdata?Unit4 60
 Topic Links

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEOCAuExJU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWlAOFs04go
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\=QifqIoUNTJM
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qb3mvJ1gb9g
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePeXePNLrs

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 MCQs

1. What is meant by Kaizen?

a. card signal
b. to avoid inadvertent errors
c. change for better quality
d. none of the above
2. Match the following group 1 items with group 2 items

1. Sort -------------------------------------------------- A. Seitan

2. Set in order ----------------------------------------- B. Seiketsu
3. Shine ------------------------------------------------ C. Seiri
4. Standardize ---------------------------------------- D. Seiso
a. 1 – D, 2 – A, 3 – B, 4 – C
b. 1 – C, 2 – A, 3 – D, 4 – B
c. 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – D
d. 1 –A, 2 – C, 3Dr.
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 MCQs

3. What is meant by P, D, S and A in PDSA cycle?

a. Progress Development Study Act
b. Plan Do Study Act
c. Project Development Study Act
d. Prevention Do Study Act
4. Plan-Do-Check -Act cycle is related to:
a. Donabedian
b. Deming
c. Henry Gantt
d. None of these

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 MCQs

4. Match The Following

• A. TQM promotes 1. Small change
• B. Kaizen is 2. Continuous improvement
• C. Quality circle can solve 3. Employee participation
• problem related to
• D. Quality circle benefit to 4. Employee
5. The correct order is
• A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
• A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
• A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
• A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4

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 MCQs

6. Reliability of product means

I. Consistency of performance
II. Performance over period
III. Free of technical errors
• The correct answer is
a. i & iii
b. i & ii
c. ii & iii
d. i, ii & iii
7. According to Deming, Quality problems are
a. Due to management
b. Due to method
C . Due to machine
d. Due to material
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 Glossary Questions

Pick the correct answer from given Glossary

(Quality Circle, defect, Failure, failure ,Training )
1. A non-conformance to a requirement is known as _______
2. A _____ is a defect that reaches the customer
3. A group of workers who do the same or similar work is known
as _____
4. One of the Cause of failure is a lack of ____

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 OLD QUESTION PAPERS

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 OLD QUESTION PAPERS

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 OLD QUESTION PAPERS

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 OLD QUESTION PAPERS

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 EXPECTED QUESTIONS FOR
UNIVERSITY EXAM

1. Explain the reliability and factors affecting it.

2. Explain the procedure of calculation of reliability.
3. Explain quality circle in details.
4. What do you understand by quality function?
5. Explain PDCE cycle with example.
6. What is zero defect
7. What is MTTF
8. What are the phases of a Continuous Process Improvement Cycle?
9. Define 5S?
10. What is a Kaizen?
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 EXPECTED QUESTIONS FOR
UNIVERSITY EXAM

7. What are the types of teams?

8. What are the stages of team development?
9. Give some common team problems?
10. Give the steps involved in training process?
11. What are the three components of the Juran Trilogy?
12. What are the phases of a Continuous Process Improvement Cycle?

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 Recap of Unit

• The MTTF formula is a key part of the overall reliability equation.

When failure of an individual component (such as a fan belt) will lead
to failure of a motor that will shut down an entire system or
production line, being able to predict when that component is likely
to fail, and replacing it before the failure occurs, is essential to reduce
costly repairs, minimize downtime and maximize equipment lifespan.

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 Recap of Unit

• Knowing and understanding MTTF can help organizations reduce

downtime and develop better maintenance strategies, driven by
reduced dependence on reactive maintenance and increased
predictive or planned maintenance.

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 REFERENCES

• Lt. Gen. H. Lal, “Total Total Quality Management”, Eastern

Limited, .

• Greg Bounds, “Beyond Total Total Quality Management”, McGraw

Hill

• Menon, H.G, “TQM in New Product manufacturing”, McGrawHill

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318654507_Total_Quality
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_Management_Notes
 Noida Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Greater Noida

Thank You
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