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Network Layer Design Issue

The document discusses the network layer's role in end-to-end packet transmission, emphasizing the importance of minimizing costs and providing services to the transport layer. It contrasts connection-oriented and connectionless services, detailing their mechanisms and implications for packet switching. Additionally, it highlights the ongoing debate between the two service types, with connectionless services gaining popularity, particularly through the use of the IP protocol.

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walterheisenberg1200
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16 views13 pages

Network Layer Design Issue

The document discusses the network layer's role in end-to-end packet transmission, emphasizing the importance of minimizing costs and providing services to the transport layer. It contrasts connection-oriented and connectionless services, detailing their mechanisms and implications for packet switching. Additionally, it highlights the ongoing debate between the two service types, with connectionless services gaining popularity, particularly through the use of the IP protocol.

Uploaded by

walterheisenberg1200
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Layer

Design Issues
The network layer is concerned with
getting packets from the source all the
way to the destination with minimal cost.

Network Unlike the DLL which has the more


modest goal of just moving frames from
Layer one end of a wire to the other.

Network Layer is the lowest layer that


deals with end-to-end transmission.
Store-and-Forward Packet Switching

NETWORK Services Provided to the Transport Layer


LAYER
DESIGN Implementation of Connectionless Service
ISSUES
Implementation of Connection-Oriented
Service

Comparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram


Networks
Store-and-Forward Packet Switching

A host with a packet to send transmits it to the nearest


router.

The packet is stored there until it has fully arrived.

the link has finished its processing by verifying the


checksum.

Then it is forwarded to the next router along the path


until it reaches the destination host.

This mechanism is store-and-

forward packet switching.


before providing
Services these services to the
transport layer
1-The services should
be independent of
the router
Provided to following goals must
be kept in mind:
technology. “why”?!

the Transport
Layer 2-The transport layer
3-The network
addresses made
should be shielded available to the
from the number, transport layer
type, and topology should use a uniform
of the routers numbering plan,
present. even across LANs
and WANs.
• Connection-oriented service : is a network communication mode,
where a communication session or a semi-permanent connection is
established before any useful data can be transferred, and where a
stream of data is delivered in the same order as it was sent.
Services
• Connectionless service: is a data transmission method used in packet
Provided to switching networks by which each data unit is individually addressed
and routed based on information carried in each unit, rather than in
the Transport the setup information of a pre-arranged fixed data channel as in
connection-oriented communication.

Layer • Packet Switching: is a digital networking communications method that


groups all transmitted data into suitably sized blocks, called packets.
• A Datagram: is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched
network. The Delivery, Arrival time, and order of arrival need not be
guaranteed by the network.
• A Virtual circuit: is a means of transporting data over a packet switched
computer network in such a way that it arrears as though there is a
dedicated physical layer link between the source and destination end
systems of this data
The discussion is about on whether the network layer
should provide connection oriented service or
connectionless service.

One camp (represented by the Internet community)


argues that the routers’ job is moving packets around
Which service and nothing else /connectionless.

is the best ? The other camp (represented by the telephone


companies) argues that the network should provide a
reliable, connection-oriented service.

connectionless network layers have grown


tremendously in popularity. The IP protocol is now
an ever-present symbol of success.
• If connectionless • If connection-oriented
service is offered, service is used, a path
packets are injected from the source router
into the network all the way to the
individually and destination router
routed must be established
Implementation independently of before any data
of Service each other. No packets can be sent.
advance setup is This connection is
needed. In this called a VC (Virtual
context, the packets Circuit).
are frequently called
Datagram.
Implementation of Connectionless Service
Implementation of Connection-Oriented Service

• For connection-oriented service, we need a virtual-circuit


network. The idea behind virtual circuits is to avoid
having to choose a new route for every packet sent.
• With connection-oriented service, each packet carries
an identifier telling which virtual circuit it belongs to.
• Assigns a different connection identifier to the outgoing
traffic for the second connection. Avoiding conflicts of
this kind is why routers need the ability to replace
connection identifiers in outgoing packets. In some
contexts, this process is called label switching
Routing within a virtual-circuit network
Comparison of Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Networks
References

1. Computer Networks, A. S. Tenenbaum, D. J.


Wetheral, Pearson India.

2. Data Communications and Networking, B.A.


Forouzan, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private
Limited.

3. Data and Computer Communications, William


Stallings, Pearson-Prentice Hall.

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