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Getting Started With Java

Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, designed for web applications and known for its simplicity, portability, and security features. It is interpreted, multithreaded, and dynamic, allowing for extensive error checking and automatic garbage collection. While it offers many advantages, Java is generally slower than compiled languages like C, which may impact performance in time-intensive applications.

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3 views

Getting Started With Java

Java is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems, designed for web applications and known for its simplicity, portability, and security features. It is interpreted, multithreaded, and dynamic, allowing for extensive error checking and automatic garbage collection. While it offers many advantages, Java is generally slower than compiled languages like C, which may impact performance in time-intensive applications.

Uploaded by

greignyamadzawo24
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of Java

What is java?

 Developed by Sun Microsystems (James Gosling)

 A general-purpose object-oriented language

 Based on C/C++

 Designed for easy Web/Internet applications

 Widespread acceptance
Java Features (1)
 Simple
 fixes some clumsy features of C++
 no pointers
 automatic garbage collection
 rich pre-defined class library http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/
 Object oriented
 focus on the data (objects) and methods manipulating the data
 all functions are associated with objects
 almost all datatypes are objects (files, strings, etc.)
 potentially better code organization and reuse
Java Features (2)
 Interpreted
 java compiler generate byte-codes, not native machine code
 the compiled byte-codes are platform-independent
 java bytecodes are translated on the fly to machine readable
instructions in runtime (Java Virtual Machine)
 Portable
 same application runs on all platforms
 the sizes of the primitive data types are always the same
 the libraries define portable interfaces
Java Features (3)
 Reliable
 extensive compile-time and runtime error checking
 no pointers but real arrays. Memory corruptions or unauthorized
memory accesses are impossible
 automatic garbage collection tracks objects usage over time

 Secure
 usage in networked environments requires more security
 memory allocation model is a major defense
 access restrictions are forced (private, public)
Java Features (4)
 Multithreaded
 multiple concurrent threads of executions can run
simultaneously
 utilizes a sophisticated set of synchronization primitives (based
on monitors and condition variables paradigm) to achieve this
 Dynamic
 java is designed to adapt to evolving environment
 libraries can freely add new methods and instance variables
without any effect on their clients
 interfaces promote flexibility and reusability in code by specifying
a set of methods an object can perform, but leaves open how
these methods should be implemented
 can check the class type in runtime
Java Disadvantages

 Slower than compiled language such as C


 an experiment in 1999 showed that Java was 3 or 4 times slower
than C or C++
title of the article: “Comparing Java vs. C/C++ Efficiency Issues to
Interpersonal Issues” (Lutz Prechelt)
 adequate for all but the most time-intensive programs
Environment Setup
 Sun Solaris OS JDK (latest version)

 Java JDK is freely available from the link


Download Java. You can download a
version based on your operating system.
Follow the instructions to download Java
and run the .exe to install Java on your
machine.
Install JavaTM 2 Platform on your machine

Can be installed on different platforms:


 Unix/Linux
 Windows
 Mac OS

Follow the on-line instructions:


http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/cupojava/index.html
Popular Java Editors
To write your Java programs, you will
need a text editor such as:
Notepad: On Windows machine, you can use
any simple text editor like Notepad, TextPad.
Netbeans: A Java IDE that is open-source and
free, which can be downloaded from
http://www.netbeans.org/index.html.
Eclipse: A Java IDE developed by the eclipse
open-source community and can be
downloaded from http://www.eclipse.org/.
Getting Started: (1)
(1) Create the source file:
 open a text editor, type in the code which defines a class
(HelloWorldApp) and then save it in a file (HelloWorldApp.java)
 file and class name are case sensitive and must be matched
exactly (except the .java part)
Example Code: HelloWorldApp.java
/**
* The HelloWorldApp class implements an application
* that displays "Hello World!" to the standard output
*/
public class HelloWorldApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Display "Hello World!"
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
Java is CASE SENSITIVE!
Getting Started: (2)
(2) Compile the program:
 compile HelloWorldApp.java by using the following command:

javac HelloWorldApp.java
it generates a file named HelloWorldApp.class
‘javac’ is not recognized as an internal or
external command, operable program or hatch file.
javac: Command not found
if you see one of these errors, you have two choices:
1) specify the full path in which the javac program locates every
time. For example:
C:\j2sdk1.4.2_09\bin\javac HelloWorldApp.java

2) set the PATH environment variable


Getting Started: (3)

(3) Run the program:


 run the code through:
java HelloWorldApp
 Note that the command is java, not javac, and you refer to
HelloWorldApp, not HelloWorldApp.java or
HelloWorldApp.class

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError:


HelloWorldApp
if you see this error, you may need to set the environment variable
CLASSPATH.
Language basics (1)
 Data types
 8 primitive types:
boolean, byte, short, int, long, float, double, char
 Class types, either provided by Java, or made by programmers
String, Integer, Array, Frame, Object, Person, Animal, …
 Array types
 Variables
 dataType identifier [ = Expression]:
 Example variable declarations and initializations:

int x; x=5; int[] intArray;


boolean b = true; intArray = new int[2];
Frame win = new Frame(); intArray[0] = 12;
String x = “how are you?”; intArray[1] = 6;
Person pArray = new Person[10];
Language basics (2)
 Flow of control
 if, if-else, if-else if
 switch
 for, while, do-while
 break
 continue
Supplemental reading
 Getting Started
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/getStarted/index.html

 Nuts and bolts of the Java Language


http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/index.html

 Compiling and Running a Simple Program


http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/onlineTraining/Programming/
BasicJava1/compile.html

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