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Lecture 3

The document provides an overview of software, distinguishing between system software and application software, and detailing their functions. It explains the role of operating systems in managing hardware and software resources, as well as their importance for device performance and usability. Additionally, it categorizes different types of operating systems based on the hardware they support, such as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers.

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8 views19 pages

Lecture 3

The document provides an overview of software, distinguishing between system software and application software, and detailing their functions. It explains the role of operating systems in managing hardware and software resources, as well as their importance for device performance and usability. Additionally, it categorizes different types of operating systems based on the hardware they support, such as supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers.

Uploaded by

oksmart944
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to ICT

Lecture 3
Sunnia Amjad

1
Software
• Instructions that tell the computer how to
process data into the form you want.
• Software and programs are interchangeable.
• Two major types:
– System and Applications

2
Kinds of Software
System Software
1. System Software enables the application software to
interact with the computer hardware.
– Operating Systems are programs that coordinate
computer resources, provide an interface between users
and the computer; and run applications.
– Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing
computer resources.
– Device drivers are specialized programs designed to
allow particular input or output devices to communicate
with the rest of the computer system.
3
Functions of a System Software
• Managing resources (memory, processing,
storage, and devices like printer).
• Providing user interface
• Running applications

4
Kinds of Software
Applications Software
2. Applications Software - provides the real
functionality of a computer. It help you use
your computer to do specific types of work.
 Basic Applications, widely used in all career
areas.
 Specialized Applications, more narrowly focused
on specific disciplines and occupations.

5
FILES
• FILE is simply a collection of information
that you store on a disk or diskette.
• Must have a unique name
• Two parts: the filename and extension
separated by a period.
RECIPE.DOC

6
EXTENSIONS
• Use extension to make your filenames more
descriptive.
– .DOC – word documents
– .XLS – excel documents
– .PPT – powerpoint documents

7
Folders
• One way of organizing the files on your
computer Hard Disk

8
What Is an Operating System
(OS)?

• Software that manages hardware and


software resources
• Acts as a bridge between user and hardware
• Controls how programs run and interact
Main Functions of an OS
• Process Management 🧠
• Memory Management 💾
• File System Management 📁
• Device Management
• User Interface 👤
Click here to explore details
Why It Matters

• No device can work without an OS


• Impacts performance, security & usability
• Different tasks need different OS features
Types of Operating Systems
• OS for Super computers
• OS for mainframes
• OS for minicomputers
• OS for microcomputers

12
OS for supercomputers
• Supercomputers overwhelmingly use Linux.
• There have been only one or two machine
running an Apple OS or Windows

13
• Operating systems are designed to make the best
use of the computer's various resources
• Ensure that the maximum amount of work is
processed as efficiently as possible.
• Operating system cannot increase the speed of a
computer
• It can maximize use of resources, thereby making
the computer seem faster by allowing it to do
more work in a given period of time.

14
OS for Mainframes
• IBM dominates the mainframe market
• OS used on mainframes are z/OS, linux on
z, z/VM

15
OS for Minicomputers(Servers)
• FreeBSD
• Solaris
• Linux
• Windows

Click here for client, server details

16
OS for microcomputers
• Windows
• Linux
• Ubuntu
• MacOS
• OS for smartphones
– Android
– Windows
– iOS
17
Multiprocessor OS
An Operating System designed to manage more than one
CPU in a single computer system. All CPUs share the same
memory.

Advantages:
•Better performance & speed
•Efficient resource utilization
•Higher reliability (if one CPU fails, others continue.

Disadvantages:
•Expensive hardware
•Complex OS design
•Requires sophisticated coordination
18
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