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CG 03

The document provides an overview of computer graphics, focusing on graphics systems and display devices, particularly CRTs and raster displays. It discusses the characteristics of CRTs, including their construction, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as the concepts of additive and subtractive colors. Additionally, it explains the function of frame buffers in raster displays and their memory requirements.

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Olacia Born
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9 views13 pages

CG 03

The document provides an overview of computer graphics, focusing on graphics systems and display devices, particularly CRTs and raster displays. It discusses the characteristics of CRTs, including their construction, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as the concepts of additive and subtractive colors. Additionally, it explains the function of frame buffers in raster displays and their memory requirements.

Uploaded by

Olacia Born
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

Last Class

• Introduction to Computer Graphics (Cont.)


– Visualization
– Image Processing
– Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
• Overview of Graphics Systems
– Display Devices
Today’s Agenda

• Overview of Graphics Systems


– Display Devices
• Colors and colored displays
• Raster displays and frame buffer
CRT

• Filament (acts as heating element, electrons


emit from it in the form of beam)
• Electrons move towards positive plate
(Anode) focusing cylinder (Electric field)
• Vertical and horizontal deflection plates have
magnetic field in between them and control
the position of the electron beam.
• Beam strikes phosphor coating on front of
tube producing illumination.
– Stronger the beam, brighter is the screen
– Longer the beam stays on a point brighter is the screen
Characteristics of CRT

• It’s massive evacuated glass tube


• Capabilities of CRT are measured by
– Size of tube
– Brightness of the phosphors vs. darkness of the tube
– Speed of electron gun
– Diameter of the beam
– Pixels
• Disadvantages are
– Size of the tube
– High power consumption
– Flicker
– Costly to refresh
Characteristics of CRT (Phosphors)

• Florescence is Light emitted while the phosphor is


being struck by electrons
• Phosphorescence is Light emitted once the
electron beam is removed
• Persistence: The time from the removal of the
excitation to the moment when phosphorescence
has decayed to 10% of the initial light output
Colors

• Additive Colors
– Red Green and Blue (sometimes White)
• Subtractive Colors
– Yellow Cyan Magenta and Black

http://www.d.umn.edu/~mharvey/th1501color.html
Color Display
Raster Displays

• Use sequential access


– Raster Displays (early 70s)
• like television, scan all pixels in regular pattern
• use frame buffer (video RAM) to eliminate sync
problems
– RAM
• ¼ MB (256 KB) cost $2 million in 1971
Frame Buffer

• Raster images require frame buffers


• Frame buffer - A block of memory, dedicated to
graphics output, that holds the contents of what
will be displayed.
• If we want a frame buffer of 640 pixels by 480
pixels, we should allocate:
frame buffer = 640*480 bits
• How many colors does 1 bit get you?
• How many colors do 8 bits get you?
– Monochrome systems use this (green/gray scale)
• What bit depth would you want for your frame
buffer?
Frame Buffer

• No. of bytes in a frame buffer = 640*480*3


• This way we can calculate memory of graphics
card
Summary

• Overview of Graphics Systems


– Display Devices
• Colors and colored displays
• Raster displays and frame buffer
References

• Fundamentals of Computer Graphics Third Edition


by Peter Shirley and Steve Marschner
• Interactive Computer Graphics, A Top-down
Approach with OpenGL (Third Edition) by Edward
Angel.

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