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CG 06

The lecture covers key topics in computer graphics including the human visual system, illusions, pixel formats, image storage, and rendering techniques. It discusses various pixel formats used in graphics, the importance of compression methods, and different storage formats such as JPEG and PNG. Additionally, it introduces ray tracing as a method for building imaging models by following light from a source.

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Olacia Born
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9 views17 pages

CG 06

The lecture covers key topics in computer graphics including the human visual system, illusions, pixel formats, image storage, and rendering techniques. It discusses various pixel formats used in graphics, the importance of compression methods, and different storage formats such as JPEG and PNG. Additionally, it introduces ray tracing as a method for building imaging models by following light from a source.

Uploaded by

Olacia Born
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics

Lecture 06
Fasih ur Rehman
Last Class

• Overview of Graphic Systems


– LED Display
– Plasma TV
– Hardcopy Devices
– Input Devices
• Human Visual System
Today’s Agenda

• Human Visual System


– Illusions
• Ray Tracing
Illusions
Illusions
Illusions
Illusions
Illusions
Pixel Formats
• 1-bit gray scale—text and other images where intermediate grays
are not desired (high resolution required)
• 8-bit RGB fixed-range color (24 bits total per pixel)—web and
email applications, consumer photographs
• 8- or 10-bit fixed-range RGB (24–30 bits/pixel)—digital interfaces
to computer displays;
• 12- to 14-bit fixed-range RGB (36–42 bits/pixel)—raw camera
images for professional photography
• 16-bit fixed-range RGB (48 bits/pixel)—professional photography
and printing, intermediate format for image processing of fixed-
range images;
• 16-bit fixed-range gray scale (16 bits/pixel)—radiology and
medical imaging;
• 16-bit “half-precision” floating-point RGB—HDR images;
intermediate format for real-time rendering;
• 32-bit floating-point RGB—general-purpose intermediate format
for software rendering and processing of HDR images.
Image Storage

• RGB images result in almost 3MB for 1 million


pixel image
• To reduce storage space, various compression
techniques are employed and used in image
compression.
• Generally compression is categorized as
– Lossless Compression
– Lossy Compression
Storage Formats

• jpeg. This lossy format compresses image blocks


based on thresholds in the human visual system.
This format works well for natural images.
• tiff. This format is most commonly used to hold
binary images or losslessly compressed 8- or 16-
bit RGB although many other options exist.
• ppm. (Portable Pixel Map)This very simple
lossless, uncompressed format is most often used
for 8-bit RGB images although many options
exist.
• png. (Portable Network Graphics) This is a
set of lossless formats with a good set of open
source management tools.
Rendering
Rendering
Rendering

• Most basic task in graphics.


• Two types
– Object Oder Rendering: each object is taken into account
and for each object all the pixels that it influences are
found and updated.
– Image Oder Rendering: each pixel is considered in turn,
and for each pixel all the objects that influence it are
found and the pixel value is computed.
Ray Tracing

•Building an imaging model by following light from a


source is known as Ray Tracing
•A Ray is a semi infinite line that emerges from s
source and continues to infinity in one direction
•Part of ray contributes
in making image.
• Surfaces
– Diffusing
– Reflecting
– Refracting
Summary

• Human Visual System


– Illusions
• Ray Tracing
References

• Fundamentals of Computer Graphics Third Edition


by Peter Shirley and Steve Marschner
• Interactive Computer Graphics, A Top-down
Approach with OpenGL (Third Edition) by Edward
Angel.

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