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Reliability

Reliability refers to the probability of a component performing adequately over time under specified conditions, while quality measures how well a component meets defined standards. The document discusses concepts such as failure rates, mean time to failure, and system reliability, emphasizing the differences between components connected in series and parallel. It also introduces the 'Bath tub curve' to illustrate failure rates over time, highlighting early failures, normal operation, and wear-out phases.

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11 views17 pages

Reliability

Reliability refers to the probability of a component performing adequately over time under specified conditions, while quality measures how well a component meets defined standards. The document discusses concepts such as failure rates, mean time to failure, and system reliability, emphasizing the differences between components connected in series and parallel. It also introduces the 'Bath tub curve' to illustrate failure rates over time, highlighting early failures, normal operation, and wear-out phases.

Uploaded by

roykaushik354
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELIABILITY

Reliability
Reliability is the probability of a component to behave or to
perform adequately in the manner expected of it for a period
under the given conditions
For example: Customer or we always wants that the products
which we purchase must be reliable, reliable means that these
product must fulfill our requirements without failure for a
considerable time
Hence, Reliability stress on
• Probability
• Performance
• Time
• Operating conditions
Reliability Vs Quality

Quality is defined as the degree to which a device or component


meets various standards (Efficiency, accuracy, aesthetic looks)
specified for it

Where as,

Reliability means ABLE TO BE TRUSTRED or NOT TO BREAK


DOWN in operation
Reliability & Unreliability

Reliability is the percentage of healthy items passed the


given test.
If total items = N,
No of items passed the test = n
No of items do not passed the test = m
Reliability = n / N
Unreliability = m / N

Reliability + Unreliability = 1
Failure and Failure modes
Failure density: The ratio of no of failures during a given unit
interval of time to the total no of items at very beginning of the
test .
Failure density during 1st interval = fd1 = n1 / N
Failure density during 2nd interval = fd2 = n2 / N
Failure density during ith interval = fdi = ni / N
Let, (e) be the last interval after which there are no survivors
then fde = ne / N
Therefore fd1 + fd2 + ……..fde = n1 / N + n2 / N +…..+ ne / N
= ( n1 + n2 + …..ne ) / N = N / N = 1

Therefore, Sum of the values of failure density = 1


.

Failure rate(Z): Ratio of no of failure during a particular unit


interval to the average population(average population at the
beginning and at the end of the interval during that interval. It is
also called as HAZARD RATE/INSTANTANEOUS FAILURE RATE
Suppose for 1000 component no of failure at time o, 1, 2are
given in table
Time No of Cumulative No of Failure Failure Relibili
failure failure survivors density(fd) rate(Z) ty
0 0 0 1000 n/N = 0/1000 1-0=
0/1000 =0 = 1
0
1 130 130 1000-130 = 130/1000 0.139 1-.013
870 = 0.13 9=
0.87
2 83 213 870-83 = 83/1000= 0.101 1-
787 0.083 0.101
=
Z(1) = 130 / {(870+1000)/2}= 0.139 0.899
Z(2) = 83 / {(870+787)/2} = 0.101
.

Mean time to failure(MTTF):


If Z1 is the failure rate for 1st hrs, Z2 is the failure rate for 2nd
hrs……. And so on, Then MTTF = (Z1 + Z2 + ….. ZT) / T
Where ZT = Failure rate at T hrs
Mean time between failure(MTBF): It is the average value of
time interval between successive failure of equipment
Thus MTBF = Equipment operating time / No of observers failure
Failure rate : It is the no of failure per minute
Failure rate F= 1/ MTBF
Mean time to restore(MTTR): it is time to require to locate a
failure and to repair it
Availability: It is the ratio of satisfactory operating time to the
total operating time of the system = MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)
Bath tub curve
Bath tub curve: If failure rate is plotted against time for a particular class of
equipment, the curve obtained is similar to Bath tub. This curve has 3 distinct
zone
Bath tub curve
.

Early failure period/infant mortality: This is due to manufacturing defects, such as


weak parts, poor installation, bad assembly, poor fits,etc. Here defective units are
eliminated during the initial failure period this period is known as debugging or burn
in period

Normal operating period/constant failure rate period: This is due to sharp change
in parameters determining the performance of the units, etc this is the period of
normal operations and is characterized by const. no of failures per unit time.

Wear out failure: Due to wear and tear of the components, detoriation of
components with physico-chemical change.Pre-diagnosis of wear out failure is very
difficult. In this period failure rate is very high.
Causes of failure:
• Poor design
• Wrong manufacturing technique
• Lack of total knowledge and experience
• Complexity of equipment
• Poor maintenance
• Human error
Bath tub curve
Normal operating period/constant failure rate period:

Exponential distribution is used to describe the time to failure of the product for
this phase.
System Reliability
System reliability analysis is conducted in terms of probabilities.
Different elements/components or subsystems of a product or
device can be connected basically in three ways.
• Components connected in series
• Components connected in parallel
• Mixed system
Components connected in series

If components of an assembly are connected in series


the failure of any part causes the failure of the
assembly or a system. In this type of system the
reliability of the assembly is given by the product of the
reliabilities of the individual component.

1 2 3

Let system connected to n parts


Therefore, RS(t) = R1(t) . R2(t) . R3(t)………Rn(t)
Components connected in series

When all components in series are having


identical failure rate
Components connected in parallel
If the components of an assembly are connected in parallel
then failure of all the component will fail the system . If one
component fails , system still continue to function . Parallel
system increases the system reliability

2
Mixed systems
It consists of 2 devices A and B connected in series. Device A
consists of two parts 1 and 2. Device B also consists of two parts
3 and 4 , connected in parallel 1 3
Reliability of device A =
RA(t) = 1 – (1-P1).(1-P2) 2 4
Reliability of device B =
RB(t) = 1 – (1-P3).(1-P4)

Reliability of system Rs(t) = RA(t) . RB(t)


= {1 – (1-P1).(1-P2)}.{1 – (1-P3).(1-P4)}
0.8

0.9

0.8 0.9

0.8

Q7. Three electric lamps are connected in parallel. The failure


rate of each lamps is Z = 0.001 perhrs. Find the mean time
between failures. If the same lamps are connected in series,
calculate MTBF .

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