Scribd
Upload
83 views16 pages

A Case Study of Cutting Fluids: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

The document discusses the functions and types of cutting fluids used in machining processes. Cutting fluids must act as a lubricant to reduce friction and heat, a coolant to further remove heat, and prevent chips from welding to the tool. As lubricants, they form protective films between the tool and workpiece. Soluble oils are the most common type and contain mineral oil, emulsifiers, and additives. While water can effectively cool, it provides no lubrication and can corrode machine parts. Synthetic and semi-synthetic oils avoid bacterial growth but offer poor lubrication. Straight cutting oils provide lubrication and prevent welding where speeds are low and cuts are deep. The document also notes common cutting fluid problems and their causes

Uploaded by

chrisrtr
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
83 views16 pages

A Case Study of Cutting Fluids: Click To Edit Master Subtitle Style

The document discusses the functions and types of cutting fluids used in machining processes. Cutting fluids must act as a lubricant to reduce friction and heat, a coolant to further remove heat, and prevent chips from welding to the tool. As lubricants, they form protective films between the tool and workpiece. Soluble oils are the most common type and contain mineral oil, emulsifiers, and additives. While water can effectively cool, it provides no lubrication and can corrode machine parts. Synthetic and semi-synthetic oils avoid bacterial growth but offer poor lubrication. Straight cutting oils provide lubrication and prevent welding where speeds are low and cuts are deep. The document also notes common cutting fluid problems and their causes

Uploaded by

chrisrtr
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

A Case study of Cutting Fluids

Click to edit Master subtitle style

3/25/12

THE FUNCTIONS OF A CUTTING FLUID


Primarily, a cutting fluid must contribute in three ways to a machining process. 1. It must act as a lubricant. By reducing friction, it reduces the heat generated. 2. Because frictional heating cannot be completely eliminated and often, not even substantially reduced the cutting fluid must also act as an effective coolant. 3. Finally, it should act as an antiweld agent to counteract the tendency of the work material to weld the tool under heat and pressure.

3/25/12

CUTTING FLUIDS AS LUBRICANTS


To perform satisfactorily as a lubricant, The cutting oil must maintain a strong protective film in that portion of the area between the tool face and the metal being cut where hydrodynamic conditions can exist . Such a film assists the chip in sliding readily over the tool. Besides reducing heat, proper lubrication lowers power requirements and reduces the rate of tool wear, particularly in machining tough, ductile metals.
3/25/12

CUTTING FLUIDS AS COOLANTS


If a cutting fluid performs its lubricating function satisfactorily the problem of heat removal from the cutting tool, chip, and work is minimised. But, cooling still remains an important function. To perform this function effectively, a cutting fluid should possess high thermal conductivity so that maximum heat will be absorbed and removed per unit of fluid volume.

3/25/12

WHY WATER CANNOT BE USED AS A CUTTING FLUID


Water, which has high thermal conductivity and a high specific heat, is a very effective coolant but its lubricating property is practically nil . Moreover, water rapidly corrodes machine parts and components. It can neither lubricate the moving parts of the machine like guides and slides nor can it reduce friction in the cutting area. Also, it is not effective in absorbing heat as it cannot spread well on metallic surfaces.
3/25/12

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CUTTING FLUIDS


Soluble Oils Synthetic Oils Semi-Synthetic Oils Straight Cutting Oils

3/25/12

SOLUBLE OILS MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF SOLUBLE OILS


Soluble oil contains : Mineral Oil Provides lubricity Emulsifier Breaks oil into small globules Rust inhibitor Since water can cause rusting Bactericide To control the growth of anerobic bacteria which causes foul smell and renders oil useless.

3/25/12

SYNTHETIC AND SEMI-SYNTHETIC OILS


Synthetic oils do not contain mineral oil . Instead they contain some synthetic chemicals as substitutes. Advantages : They are not affected by bacterial growth. "Life" of synthetic coolants is very high. They are capable of forming emulsions in hard water.

3/25/12

Limitations : They provide very poor lubricity. pH value is much higher around 9.5. Arbitrary topping of emulsion and increase in this dilution can result in "component rusting". Synthetic coolants peel of poor quality epoxy paints on the machines.

3/25/12

STRAIGHT CUTTING OILS OR NEAT OILS


Straight Cutting Oils or Neat Oils are pertroleum based mineral oils reinforced with "Extreme pressure" additives (EP additives). For applications where the speed of the tool is very low, depth of cut taken is high, cutting pressures are high, the primary role of coolant is to provide: Adequate lubricity so that friction is reduced.

3/25/12

Prevent chip welding of the tool of edge build up. Wash away the chips from the cutting zone. Lubricity is provided by the mineral oil. Commonly used EP additives are chlorine and sulphur. These additives form a low shear strength chloride or sulphide coating over the tool rake preventing chip welding. Choice of one or both of these additives is governed by the nature of the application and the material that is being machined.
3/25/12

TROUBLE SHOOTING COMMON PROBLEMS AND LIKELY CAUSES 1. Rusting of components


Soluble oils 2. Emulsion Separation 3. Foul Smell 4. Skin itching caused by soluble oils 5. Skin etchig and Dermatitis caused by Straight Cutting Oils 6. Fuming and strong smell 7. Poor Surface Finish

3/25/12

Road map
Finding out industries where cutting fluid is used. Analyzing the cutting fluids used in most industries. Finding out the advantages , disadvantages and its effects on the environment.

3/25/12

Name of the project guide


Mr.

Prabhakar Kammar

3/25/12

Objective
To

find the environmental effects of the cutting fluids used in different industries.

3/25/12

Probable date of complition


April 30th

3/25/12

You might also like