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lecture1-Database-DDL DML DCL

A database is an organized collection of information designed for easy access, management, and updating, commonly used by businesses to improve processes and track customer data. SQL, or Structured Query Language, is the primary language used to interact with databases, encompassing various commands categorized into DDL, DQL, DML, DCL, and TCL. Each category serves specific functions, such as defining database structure, querying data, manipulating records, controlling access, and managing transactions.

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2 views15 pages

lecture1-Database-DDL DML DCL

A database is an organized collection of information designed for easy access, management, and updating, commonly used by businesses to improve processes and track customer data. SQL, or Structured Query Language, is the primary language used to interact with databases, encompassing various commands categorized into DDL, DQL, DML, DCL, and TCL. Each category serves specific functions, such as defining database structure, querying data, manipulating records, controlling access, and managing transactions.

Uploaded by

innoxentshayan2020
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is a database?

 A database is information that is set up for easy access,


management, and updating. Computer databases typically store
aggregations of data records or files that contain information, such
as sales transactions, customer data, financials, and product
information.

 Databases are used for storing, maintaining, and accessing any sort
of data. They collect information on people, places, or things. That
information is gathered in one place so that it can be observed and
analyzed. Databases can be thought of as an organized collection of
information.
What are databases used for?

Businesses use data stored in databases to make informed business decisions. Some

of the ways organizations use databases include the following:

 Improve business processes. Companies collect data about business processes,

such sales, order processing and customer service. They analyze that data to

improve these processes, expand their business and grow revenue.

 Keep track of customers. Databases often store information about people, such

as customers or users. For example, social media platforms use databases to store

user information, such as names, email addresses and user behavior. The data is

used to recommend content to users and improve the user experience.


Continue……..

 Secure personal health information. Healthcare providers use databases to

securely store personal health data to inform and improve patient care.

 store personal data. Databases can also be used to store personal information.

For example, personal cloud storage is available for individual users to store media,

such as photos, in a managed cloud.


What is database table?

 It is just a structure that contains data and keeps it separated from


other columns of that table.
SQL | DDL, DQL, DML, DCL and TCL Commands
 Structured Query Language(SQL) as we all know is the
database language by the use of which we can perform
certain operations on the existing database and also we
can use this language to create a database. SQL uses
certain commands like Create, Drop, Insert etc. to carry out
the required tasks. These SQL commands are mainly
categorized into four categories as:
 DDL – Data Definition Language
 DQL – Data Query Language
 DML – Data Manipulation Language
 DCL – Data Control Language
 TCL-- Transaction Control Language
DDL(Data Definition
Language)
DDL or Data Definition Language actually consists of the SQL commands that can be
used to define the database schema. It simply deals with descriptions of the database
schema and is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in the database.
Examples of DDL commands:

 CREATE is used to create the database or its objects (like table, index,
function, views, store procedures, and triggers).
 DROP is used to delete objects from the database.
 ALTER is used to alter the structure of the database.
 TRUNCATE is used to remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated
for the records are removed.
 COMMENT is used to add comments to the data dictionary.
 RENAME is used to rename an object existing in the database.
CREATING TABLE COMMAND
 Using “Create table” command we can create tables.
 Conditions:
i. We create table in database using ‘CREATE TABLE’ command
ii. Table name can be upto 30 character long.
iii. Table name must begin with alphabet.
iv. Table names can’t contain single/double quotes.
v. Names are not case sensitive.
vi. Name can contain a-z, 0-9, _ , $ , #
vii. Names can’t be reserved words.
DQL (Data Query Language) :

DML statements are used for performing queries on the data within schema
objects. The purpose of DQL Command is to get some schema relation based on
the query passed to it.
Example of DQL:
 SELECT – is used to retrieve data from a database.
DML(Data Manipulation
Language)
The SQL commands : manipulation of data
that deals with the
present in the database belong to DML or Data Manipulation Language
and this includes most of the SQL statements. Examples of DML:
 INSERT – is used to insert data into a table.
 UPDATE – is used to update existing data within a table.
 DELETE – is used to delete records from a database table.
DCL(Data Control Language) :
DCL includes commands such as GRANT and REVOKE which
mainly deals with the rights, permissions and other controls of the
database system. Examples of DCL commands:
 GRANT-gives user’s access privileges to database.
 REVOKE-withdraw user’s access privileges given by using the GRANT
command.
TCL(transaction Control
TCL commands Language) : within the database.
deals with the transaction
Examples of TCL commands:
 COMMIT– commits a Transaction.
 ROLLBACK– rollbacks a transaction in case of any error occurs.
 SAVEPOINT–sets a savepoint within a transaction.
 SET TRANSACTION–specify characteristics for the transaction.
Thank You

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