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Introduction To Vibrations

Vibrations are mechanical oscillations around an equilibrium point, classified into free and forced vibrations. Free vibrations occur without external forces, while forced vibrations involve external disturbances, impacting various systems like vehicles and buildings. The document discusses the fundamentals of vibrations, including single and multi-degree-of-freedom systems, and examples of vibrations in everyday life.

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16 views30 pages

Introduction To Vibrations

Vibrations are mechanical oscillations around an equilibrium point, classified into free and forced vibrations. Free vibrations occur without external forces, while forced vibrations involve external disturbances, impacting various systems like vehicles and buildings. The document discusses the fundamentals of vibrations, including single and multi-degree-of-freedom systems, and examples of vibrations in everyday life.

Uploaded by

Smile Foundation
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEE 316: VIBRATIONS

What are Vibrations?


Vibrations refer to a mechanical phenomenon where oscillations
occur about an equilibrium point. They are characterized by periodic
back-and-forth motion of particles in an elastic body or medium, often
resulting from a disturbance from equilibrium.

Vibrations can be classified into two categories: free vibrations, where


the system oscillates without external forces, and forced vibrations,
where an external force causes the oscillation.

Examples include the swinging of a pendulum or the motion of a


plucked string. Vibrations play a significant role in various physical
systems and can be observed in everyday phenomena, such as sound
transmission
Free vibration
or natural vibration occurs when a mechanical system is set in motion with
an initial input and allowed to vibrate freely. Examples of this type of vibration
are pulling a child back on a swing and letting it go, or hitting a tuning fork and
letting it ring. The mechanical system vibrates at one or more of its
natural frequencies and damps down to motionlessness.
free vibrations without damping

free vibrations with damping


Forced vibration
is when a time-varying disturbance (load, displacement, velocity, or
acceleration) is applied to a mechanical system. The disturbance can be a
periodic and steady-state input, a transient input, or a random input. The
periodic input can be a harmonic or a non-harmonic disturbance. Examples of
these types of vibration include a washing machine shaking due to an
imbalance, transportation vibration caused by an engine or uneven road, or the
vibration of a building during an earthquake.
For linear systems, the frequency of the steady-state vibration response
resulting from the application of a periodic, harmonic input is equal to the
frequency of the applied force or motion, with the response magnitude being
dependent on the actual mechanical system.
Everyday examples where vibrations are
involved :

Cars Bikes
Vibrations are present everywhere in life ------ Atomic vibrations (temperature)
Human body (heart)
Machines (large and small)
Earth quake tremors
Musical instruments …….
So we live in a world of vibrations….
Let us , from now onwards look at the world from
this view point
Theory of vibrations

Fundamentals of Linear Vibrations

 Single Degree-of-Freedom Systems


 Two Degree-of-Freedom Systems
 Multi-DOF Systems
 Continuous Systems
Spring-mass system

(Hooke’s Law)
Spring-mass system

Dynamic problem: What is the motion of the mass


when acted by an external force or is initially
displaced?
Spring-mass system
Forces acting on the mass

Net force acting on the mass


Spring-mass system
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
the acceleration of an object due to an applied force is in the
direction of the force and given by:

For our spring-mass system


Single Degree-of-Freedom
Systems
1. A spring-mass system
General solution for any simple oscillator
General approach
Examples

2. Equivalent springs
Spring in series and in parallel
Examples

3. Energy Methods
Strain energy & kinetic energy
Work-energy statement
Conservation of energy and example
Single Degree of Freedom
System
mx  c p x  kx  f (t )

With the initial conditions,

 x(t 0)  x0

 x (t 0) v0
• Single degree of freedom system :
Damper removed :

m
x(t)

Equation of motion : mx  kx 0


1 k 1
Undamped natural frequency : n1  
2π m 2
2 1
Period of vibration, T : T 
1 n1
kx  mx
 mx is an equivalent static force (‘inertial’ force)
Time solution for undamped SDOF subjected to free vibrations
DEFINITION OF FREE VIBRATION

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