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    The User Sees Software, Speed, Storage Capacity, and Peripheral Device Functionality

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    A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use. A computer can be a device, a program, a network, or a networked device. The computer is a device that can be used to communicate with other devices.

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    The User Sees Software, Speed, Storage Capacity, and Peripheral Device Functionality

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    41 views45 pages
    A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use. A computer can be a device, a program, a network, or a networked device. The computer is a device that can be used to communicate with other devices.

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    1-History and Basics of Computers

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    A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use. A computer can be a device, a program, a network, or a networked device. The computer is a device that can be used to communicate with other devices.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    41 views45 pages

    The User Sees Software, Speed, Storage Capacity, and Peripheral Device Functionality

    Uploaded by

    awais_alii56
    A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use. A computer can be a device, a program, a network, or a networked device. The computer is a device that can be used to communicate with other devices.

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    1.

    10 Looking Ahead

    ng that comes from viewi The intellectual synthesis the three perspectives puter system from each a com puter design. It t, effective com leads to an efficien e functions d how a machin erstan is when you und ctu re level system archite , and the r at the gate, ISA chine. Whethe

    e ma understand th , that you fully uter Sc ience e is in Comp reer objectiv ct of your ca othe r aspe or some ok Engin eering, that this bo Comp uter cerest ho pe it is our sin rstanding. computers th at unde iding yo u by prov will serve

    The User Sees Software, Speed, Storage Capacity, 1 And Peripheral Device Functionality.

    Course Books to buy?


    Text Book Computer Organization and Architecture (7th Edition) By: William Stallings Reference Book Computer System Architecture By: M. Morris Mano
    2

    Course Assessment
    Quizzes Assignments Project /Research Paper Midterm Exam Final Exam TOTAL : : : : : 05% 05% 15% 25% 50%

    : 100%

    Different Aspects of Computer

    The History and Basics of Computers


    1.1 Computer Applications 1.2 What is a Computer? 1.3 History and Evolution 1.4 Computer Generations 1.5 Classification of Computers

    Computer Application
    Education Banking System Aerospace Business & Marketing Government Entertainment
    6

    What is a Computer?
    System Unit

    A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use
    7

    History & Evolution


    Abacus Difference Engine 1944 MARK I Howard Aiken at Harvard University Mechanical Calculator Analytical Engine

    1951 - UNIVAC1 first commercial computer 1954 - Hewlett and Packard Met and setup shop in Garage at Silicon valley

    Abacus

    Difference Engine

    Analytical Engine

    10

    Mechanical Calculators

    UNIVAC 1

    1969 Internet was founded 1976 Apple I and Apple II

    1975 Microsoft Founded Bill Gates with Paul Allen

    1989 WWW Invented by Tim Berners-Lee

    1981-IBM PC PC was introduced.

    13

    1994 Netscape Founded by Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen

    Many more.

    14

    Question - What is a Computer?


    OUTPUT PROCESS

    INPUT

    A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage device for future use
    15

    Computer Generation
    1. 1st Generation 2. 2nd Generation 3. 3rd Generation 4. 4th Generation 5. 5th Generation

    16

    1st Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes


    Memory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes or sometimes magnetic drum Gave off so much heat that even if they were cooled by gigantic air conditioners. Input and output media were punched cards and magnetic tapes Magnetic Tapes (output) Vacuum Tubes (memory) 17

    IBM Punched Card (input)

    UNIVAC

    ENIAC

    18

    2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor


    An electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.

    19

    Minicomputer

    20

    3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) :

    Integrated Circuit

    An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor.
    The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers. Keyboards and monitors were used. Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage

    21

    Minicomputer

    22

    4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor


    A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated onto it. Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full-scale computer smaller in size , faster in speed.

    These circuit integrations are known as Largescale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits
    Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers.

    23

    5th Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence


    Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with making computers behave and think like humans.
    The branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc..

    24

    Three Directions of Computer Development

    size
    Everything has become smaller

    power
    Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram more power into their machines, providing faster processing speeds and more data storage capacity.

    expensive
    The price of the hardware is getting cheaper
    25

    Classification of Computers
    (1) Supercomputers
    The mightiest computer The most expensive. Process billions of instructions in a second Used by some exclusive group only (2) Mainframes Process data at very high speed Less expensive than Supercomputer Used for processing large amount of data User work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe
    26

    (3)Workstations Powerful desktop computers Used by engineers and scientists for engineering applications, software development, application that require a high amount of computing power

    27

    (4) Mobile Computing Small, portable, wireless communication device. Ex: laptops, wearable computers, PDAs, USB flash drives.

    28

    (5)Servers Designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other network resources. Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server. Server computers usually have following characteristics: Designed to be connected to one or more networks The most powerful CPUs available Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks Large memory and disk storage High-speed communications capabilities
    29

    (6) Microcomputers / PC The most common for home users , computers that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase. Can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.

    30

    Types of PC
    i. Mini tower ii. Desktop

    31

    Why are computers so useful?


    Storage Reliability Speed Accuracy Communication

    32

    Types of Users
    End Users

    Individuals who uses the product after it has been fully developed and marketed.

    Small Business Users

    Small companies

    Mobile Users

    Traveling people
    33

    Milestones in Computer Architecture

    34

    Milestones in Computer Architecture

    35

    Von Neumann Machine

    36

    PDP-8 Innovation Single Bus

    37

    IBM 360

    The initial offering of the IBM product line.

    38

    Technological and Economic Forces

    Moores law predicts a 60-percent annual increase in the number of transistors that can be put on a chip. Data points given in this figure are memory sizes, in bits.

    39

    The Computer Spectrum

    The current spectrum of computers available. The prices should be taken with a grain (or better yet, a metric ton) of salt.
    40

    Personal Computer

    1. Pentium 4 socket 2. 875P Support chip 3. Memory sockets 4. AGP connector 5. Disk interface 6. Gigabit Ethernet 7. Five PCI slots 8. USB 2.0 ports 9. Cooling technology 10. BIOS

    A printed circuit board is at the heart of every personal computer. This figure is a photograph of the Intel D875PBZ board. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.

    41

    Intel Computer Family

    The Intel CPU family. Clock speeds are measured in MHz (megahertz) where 1 MHZ is 1 million cycles/sec.

    42

    Intel Computer Family

    The Pentium 4 chip. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission. 43

    Intel Computer Family

    Moores law for (Intel) CPU chips.

    44

    MCS-51 Family

    Members of the MCS-51 family.

    45

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