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Lesson 6 Inheritance

Inheritance in Java allows one object to acquire properties and behaviors from a parent object, facilitating code reuse and representing an IS-A relationship. Key terms include Class, Sub Class, and Super Class, with the 'extends' keyword indicating inheritance. There are three types of inheritance: single, multilevel, and hierarchical, each demonstrating different relationships between classes.

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28 views11 pages

Lesson 6 Inheritance

Inheritance in Java allows one object to acquire properties and behaviors from a parent object, facilitating code reuse and representing an IS-A relationship. Key terms include Class, Sub Class, and Super Class, with the 'extends' keyword indicating inheritance. There are three types of inheritance: single, multilevel, and hierarchical, each demonstrating different relationships between classes.

Uploaded by

elistragis
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INHERITANCE

• Inheritance in Java is a mechanism in which


one object acquires all the properties and
behaviors of a parent object.
• The idea behind inheritance in Java is that
you can create new classes that are built
upon existing classes.
• When we inherit from an existing class, we
can reuse methods and fields of the parent
class.
• Inheritance represents the IS-A relationship
which is also known as a parent-child
relationship.

Why use inheritance in java


1. For Method Overriding
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Terms used in Inheritance
• Class: A class is a group of objects which have common
properties. It is a template or blueprint from which objects
are created.
• Sub Class/Child Class: Subclass is a class which inherits
the other class. It is also called a derived class, extended
class, or child class.
• Super Class/Parent Class: Superclass is the class from
where a subclass inherits the features. It is also called a base
class or a parent class.
• Reusability: As the name specifies, reusability is a
mechanism which facilitates you to reuse the fields and
methods of the existing class when you create a new class.
You can use the same fields and methods already defined in
the previous class.
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General Syntax:
class Subclass/childclass-name extends Superclass/
Parentclass-name {
//methods and fields - Class members
}

The extends keyword indicates that you are making a new


class that derives/inherits from an existing class. The meaning
of "extends" is to increase the functionality.

In the terminology of Java, a class which is inherited is called a


parent or superclass, and the new class that inherits is called
child or subclass.

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Example

As displayed in the above figure, Programmer is the


subclass and Employee is the superclass. The relationship
between the two classes is Programmer IS-A
Employee.
It means that Programmer is a type of Employee.
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class Employee{
float salary=40000;
}
class Programmer extends Employee{
int bonus=10000;
public static void main(String args[]){
Programmer p=new Programmer();
System.out.println("Programmer salary is:"+p.salary);
System.out.println("Bonus of Programmer is:"+p.bonus);
}
}
Output:
Programmer salary is:40000.0
Bonus of programmer is:10000
In the above example, Programmer object can access the field5
Types of inheritance in java
On the basis of class, there can be three types of inheritance in
java: single, multilevel and hierarchical.

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1. Single Inheritance Example
 When a class inherits another class, it is known as a single
inheritance.
class Animal{
void eat(){System.out.println("eating...");}
}
class Dog extends Animal{
void bark(){System.out.println("barking...");}
}
class TestInheritance{
public static void main(String args[]){
Dog d=new Dog();
d.bark();
d.eat();
}}
In this example, Dog class inherits the Animal class, so there is
the single inheritance. 8
2. Multilevel Inheritance Example
Exists when there is a chain of inheritance, it is known as
multilevel inheritance.
class Animal{
void eat(){System.out.println("eating...");}
}
class Dog extends Animal{
void bark(){System.out.println("barking...");}
}
class Puppy extends Dog{
void weep(){System.out.println("weeping...");}
}
class TestInheritance2{
public static void main(String args[]){
Puppy P=new Puppy();
P.weep();
P.bark();
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 Inthe example above, Puppy class inherits the Dog class
which again inherits the Animal class, so there is a multilevel
inheritance

Output
weeping...
barking...
eating...

3. Hierarchical Inheritance Example


Happens when two or more classes inherits a single class.
In the example given below, Dog and Cat classes inherits the
Animal class, so there is hierarchical inheritance.

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class Animal{
void eat(){System.out.println("eating...");}
}
class Dog extends Animal{
void bark(){System.out.println("barking...");}
}
class Cat extends Animal{
void meow(){System.out.println("meowing...");}
}
class TestInheritance3{
public static void main(String args[]){
Cat c=new Cat();
c.meow();
c.eat();
//c.bark();//C.T.Error

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