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Introduction To Software Engineering

Software engineering is a systematic approach to developing and maintaining software, aiming to build reliable and efficient products. The field has evolved through various stages, from the 'Software Crisis' in the 50s to modern methodologies like Agile and DevOps. Key goals include managing complexity, ensuring quality, and meeting deadlines, with structured frameworks like the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) guiding the process.

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5 views13 pages

Introduction To Software Engineering

Software engineering is a systematic approach to developing and maintaining software, aiming to build reliable and efficient products. The field has evolved through various stages, from the 'Software Crisis' in the 50s to modern methodologies like Agile and DevOps. Key goals include managing complexity, ensuring quality, and meeting deadlines, with structured frameworks like the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) guiding the process.

Uploaded by

uranium235titanium22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Software

Engineering
Understanding the Fundamentals
What is Software Engineering?
• Definition: A systematic, disciplined,
quantifiable approach to developing,
operating, and maintaining software.

• Core Aim: Build reliable, efficient, and high-


quality software.

• Analogy: Applying engineering principles to


software development.
Evolution of Software Engineering
(Key Stages)
• Early Days (50s-60s): 'Software Crisis' - ad-hoc,
budget/schedule overruns.
• Emergence (70s-80s): Term coined; structured
methods, Waterfall model.
• Growth (90s): OOP, more models (Spiral,
Prototype), focus on quality.
• Modern Era (00s-Present): Agile, DevOps,
Cloud, AI/ML, Security focus.
Impact of Software Engineering
• Ubiquitous: Powers economies,
communication, healthcare, education,
transport, entertainment.
• Innovation Driver: Enables new technologies
and business models.
• Efficiency Boost: Automates tasks, streamlines
processes.
• Global Connectivity: Connects people and
systems worldwide.
Need / Goals of Software
Engineering
• Need:
• - Manage complexity.
• - Ensure quality & reliability.
• - Meet budget & deadlines.
• - Enable maintainability.

• Key Goals: Correctness, Reliability, Efficiency,


Usability, Maintainability, Security.
Software Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
• Definition: A structured framework outlining
tasks at each step of software development.
• Purpose: To produce high-quality software
meeting expectations, on time and within
budget.
• Idea: Breaks down complex development into
manageable phases.
SDLC - Common Phases
• 1. Requirement Gathering & Analysis (What to
build?)
• 2. Feasibility Study/Planning (Is it viable?)
• 3. Design (How to build it? Architecture,
modules)
• 4. Coding/Implementation (Building it)
• 5. Testing (Does it work correctly?)
• 6. Deployment (Release to users)
• 7. Maintenance (Support & updates)
Software Life Cycle Models -
Overview
• Definition: A representation of the software
life cycle, mapping activities from inception to
retirement.
• Purpose: Provides a methodology for software
development.
• Examples: Waterfall, Iterative, Prototyping,
Evolutionary, Spiral.
Classical Waterfall Model
• Concept: Linear, sequential flow (like a
waterfall).
• Phases: Requirement -> Design ->
Implementation -> Testing -> Maintenance.
• Pros: Simple, well-defined stages.
• Cons: Inflexible to changes, working software
late, high risk for complex projects.
• Best for: Projects with clear, stable
requirements.
Iterative Waterfall Model
• Concept: Waterfall phases applied in iterative
cycles.
• Characteristics: Allows feedback from earlier
phases, produces working versions earlier.
• Pros: More flexible than classic Waterfall,
easier risk management.
• Cons: Can be resource-intensive.
Prototyping Model
• Concept: Build a working model (prototype)
quickly to get user feedback.
• Types: Throwaway (discarded) or Evolutionary
(refined into final product).
• Pros: Reduces requirement misunderstanding,
early user involvement.
• Cons: Users might mistake prototype for final
product, potential for 'code & fix.'
• Best for: Clarifying unclear requirements, user
interface design.
Evolutionary Model
• Concept: Develop system in versions
(increments), each adding more functionality.
• Characteristics: Iterative and incremental.
• Pros: Manages complexity, early user
feedback, quick initial delivery.
• Cons: Difficult to define increment scope,
needs good architecture.
• Best for: Large projects where features can be
delivered incrementally.
Spiral Model
• Concept: Risk-driven, iterative model. Each
cycle includes: Planning, Risk Analysis,
Engineering, Evaluation.
• Pros: Excellent for large, complex, high-risk
projects; strong risk management.
• Cons: Complex to manage, can be expensive,
not for small projects.
• Best for: High-risk, large-scale systems where
requirements may change.

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