Manual information system &

Computerised Information System

Information Processing
• Information processing may be defined as
the manipulation of data to produce
useful information.
• There are two types of information
processing:
• Manual Information Processing
• Automated Information Processing
Manual Information
System
• Manual information system is a system
whereby humans are required to perform
all the tasks. In manual information
systems, no mechanical or electronic
devices are used to perform any task, all
are done manually.
• Manual Information Systems : Diary,
Address Book, Filing Cabinet.
• Computerised Information Systems :
Stock Control System, Flight
Booking System.
Advantages of Manual Information System
• Less expensive to set up.
• Correcting entries may be easier with
manual systems, as opposed to computerised
ones that can leave complicated audit trails.
• The risk of corrupted data is much less.
• Data loss is less of a risk, particularly if
records are stored in a fire-proof
environment.
• Problems with duplicate copies of the same
records are generally avoided.
• The process is simplified as you don't need
to be familiar with how accounting software
calculates and treats your information
Streamlining of Manual Record Keeping
• Sort and store all paperwork, receipts and payments in
12 separate months.
• Keep all original documents and date all
correspondence.
• Record all transaction dates and payment amounts.
• Save all online financial transactions by month and
financial year in your inbox and in a separate folder on
your hard drive.
• Backup all electronic records on an external hard drive
or other storage device other than your computer's
internal hard drive.
• Capture nearly all of your income and expenses in
statements from both your bank and credit card
accounts.
• Request that all statements and bills be sent on a
monthly basis — allowing you to reconcile all financial
records each month.
Components of manual information
processing
• Components of manual information
processing includes:
• collect – gathering the data
• collate – combining the data gathered
• analyse – examine the data and make it useful
• present – put the data gathered in a useful
form in order to gain meaningful output.
• Disseminate – distribute the output
All tasks can be broken down into three
stages: input, process and output.
Computerised Information
Systems
• Computerised information systems are
much more flexible than manual ones and
a lot faster. With a computerised system
you could type in a phone number and, if
the number was stored in the system, the
name and address could be provided
immediately.
Advantages & Disadvantages
• A computer-based information system
may be considered to be more cost
effective and efficient than a manual
system. It speeds up operations and can
back up important information at the
touch of a button.
• It is however very expensive to set up and
may need to be maintained by IT
technical support advisors on a regular
basis.
Elements of Computer Based System
• hardware, software, data, people, and procedures.
• Hardware is the physical components of a
computer system including the motherboard and
the CD drive.
• software is the instructions that are given to
a computer based information system that tells the
hardware how to perform a particular task.
• Data is the raw material, i.e. Facts and figures, that
is processed by the computer. The information that
is produced is a summary of this data. It is not to be
confused with knowledge as information is simply
the organization and communication of the data
• Information that is relayed by a computer can
be understood by people and therefore
becomes knowledge. Without people, the
computer systems would not be able to run.
• procedures that a computer
based information system goes through are the
ways in which the tasks get achieved.
• communication is when one computer
based information system is set up to share
data and information with another. This is the
basis of a network.
Flow Chart
• Communication is when one computer
based information system is set up to
share data and information with another.
This is the basis of a network. This
diagrammatic representation illustrates a
solution to a given problem
• Process operations are represented in
these boxes, and arrows; rather, they are
implied by the sequencing of operations.
Flowcharts are used in analyzing,
designing, documenting or managing a
process or program in various fields.
• Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing,
documenting or managing a process or program in
various fields :
• A schematic representation of a sequence of
operations, as in a manufacturing process or
computer program.
• A graphical representation of the sequence of
operations in an information system or
program. Information system flowcharts show
how data flows from source documents
through the computer to final distribution to
users. Program flowcharts show the sequence
of instructions in a single program or
subroutine.
Name
Symbols Symbol Use in Flowchart

Oval Denotes the beginning

or end of the program

Parallelogram Denotes an input

operation

Rectangle Denotes a process to

be carried out e.g.
addition, subtraction,
division etc.

Diamond Denotes a decision (or

branch) to be made.
The program should
continue along one of
two routes. (e.g.
IF/THEN/ELSE)

Flow line Flow line Denotes the

direction of logic flow in
• Thank You