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DM Function 01

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5 views20 pages

DM Function 01

Uploaded by

Rayian Mahi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNCTIONS

CSE 2213/CSI 219 – Discrete


Mathematics

05/20/2025
FUNCTION

• Let A and B be nonempty sets. A function f from set A to set B


is the mapping of every element of A to a single element of B.
• We write f(a) = b if the function named f maps the value of a (a
belongs to Set A) to a value of b (b belongs to Set B).
• The above notation is the “Value Notation” of writing functions
• If f is a function from set A to set B, we write
f:A→B.
• The above notation is the “Set Notation” of writing functions.

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FUNCTION

𝑓 : 𝐴→ 𝐵
Alpha a

Beta b

Gamma c

Delta d

Pi e

A B
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FUNCTION

𝑓 : 𝐴→ 𝐵
Alpha a

Beta b

Gamma c
Domain = Set
Delta d
Codomain = Set
Range/Image =
Pi e

A B
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NOT A FUNCTION

MiBa A 𝑓 :𝐶→ 𝐵
TdAR B
• Mapping of must be unique
KBJ C • Here, TdAR is mapped to two
different values
SyS D
• All must be mapped
KhM E • Here, the value KhM in the
C B domain is not mapped to any value
in the codomain

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MATHEMATICAL EXAMPLE

• Function:
• R represents the set of Real Numbers. The “Set Notation” is
telling us that the domain consists of Real Numbers, and the
codomain consists of Real Numbers too. The Value Notation
of the function is telling us that for a input value of x into the
function, it outputs/maps a value of x2
• Function:

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ADDITION AND MULTIPLICATION
OF FUNCTION

• Functions of same domain can be added or multiplied

• If and ,
then find out and

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ONE-TO - ONE FUNCTION
OR INJECTION

Image of every
must be
Alpha A
unique
Beta B
The value of every image
(that is, every member of
C
the range) corresponds to
only one value of the domai
Delta D

E Note that and


are images of
none
A B
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ONTO FUNCTION
OR SURJECTION
Every must
be an image of some
Alpha A , that is
codomain = range
Beta
Every value of the codomain
Gamma C can be mapped from some
value in the domain.
Delta D
Note that Alpha and
gamma have the
same image. This violates the
one-to-one property. This is
A B therefore, not a one-to-one
function.
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BIJECTION

Function that is
both one-to-one
Alpha A
and onto
Beta

Delta D

A B
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PROBLEM

• Find out if the function is one-to-one and/or onto.


• Find out if the function is one-to-one and/or onto.

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ONE-TO - ONE AND ONTO
FUNCTIONS

• A function can change its properties with the change of domains


• is one-to-one but not onto.
• Every possible value of the image/range comes from exactly one value in
the domain. Therefore, one-to-one.
• The codomain consists of all real numbers, and the negative numbers of the
codomain are never mapped from the domain. Therefore, not onto, since all
members of codomain are not covered.
• is onto but not one-to-one
• Every possible value of the image can come from two numbers in the
domain – positive and negative. Therefore, not one-to-one
• The codomain consists of positive real numbers only, and every value of the
codomain can be mapped from the domain. Therefore, onto
• Quiz: Is a bijection?
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INVERSE OF FUNCTIONS

• Inverse of a function exists if the function is a bijection


• Called an invertible function

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EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLE

• . f:A B
•
Alpha A

Beta B

Gamma C

Delta D (A)= ???


(C)=
Pi E (D)=
(B)= ???

A B
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EXAMPLE

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EXAMPLE

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THE COMPOSITION OF A FUNCTION

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EXAMPLE

• Let f and g be the functions from the set of integers to


the set of integers defined by f(x) =2x + 3 and g(x) =
3x + 2. What is the composition of f and g? What is the
composition of g and f ?
• f o g(x)=f(g(x))=f(3x+2)=2(3x+2)+3=6x+7
• g o f(x)=g(f(x))=g(2x+3)=3(2x+3)+2=6x+11

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EXAMPLE

• Let g be the function from the set {a, b, c} to itself such


that g(a) = b, g(b) = c, and g(c) = a. Let f be the
function from the set {a, b, c} to the set {I, 2, 3} such
that f(a) = 3, f(b) = 2, and f(c) = l. What is the
composition of f and g, and what is the composition of g
and f?

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