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Week 1 - Networks & Protocols

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0 views24 pages

Week 1 - Networks & Protocols

Uploaded by

najmul.hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Do Now Networks & Protocols Date:__/04/2025

Q1) List all the units of data starting from


bit to Petabyte. [2]
Q2) State the formula for calculating: [3]
a) Image file size:
b) Sound file size:
c) Text file size:
Q3) Describe Metadata [1]
Do Now Networks & Protocols Date:__/04/2025

Q1) Bit, Nibble, Byte, Kilobyte, Megabyte,


Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte
Q2)
a) Height X Width X Colour Depth
b) Sample Rate (x axis) X Duration (s) x
Bit Depth (y axis)
c) Total characters x 8
Q3) Data about data for example, Author
Learning Objectives

1) DNS
2) Wired vs Wireless
3) Protocols
a) IP and MAC
b) Layers
Homework Topics to revise
1) Factors of network performance:
a) Bandwidth
b) Number of devices connected
2) Purpose of Hardware:
a) Router
b) Switch
c) Hub
d) Cloud Server: Including Pro and Cons
Internet Activity

You opened a web browser.

What simple thing users use the


browser for?
Define Server!
Server is a machine used centrally to control or enable access to data

There are many kinds of Servers for different purpose

A domain name server translates a domain name into an internet address.


A file server handles storage, access, and transmission of files
A mail server handles storage access and transmission of mails. (Gmail,
outlook)
DNS File server Mail Server
DNS Google
1. The url request is transmitted to a DNS
2. DNS returns the I.P address of the domain
name where it is hosted to the user
3. The user request is forwarded to the host
server by the browser to request the
resources from the webpage.

www.google.com
Wired vs Wireless
Define Protocols
Protocols are set of rules to transmit data over the
network.
Types of Protocols
IP Addressing
When connected to a network each device is given a unique IP address.

This address consists of four sets of up to three digits, each with a maximum value of 255, which are
separated by dots. An example is:

IPv4: 192.168.0.254
IPv6: FFFF: FFFF: FFFF: FFFF: FFFF : FFFF: FFFF

IPv6: 8 groups of Hex decimals


Types of Protocols
MAC addressing
A MAC address is a unique serial number assigned to each network interface controller (NIC).

This allows a network to uniquely identify any device.

A MAC address consists of a string of hexadecimal numbers. An example is:


1A:5B:6H:98:78:35

THE RULE!
The MAC address is assigned by the NIC’s manufacturer and cannot be changed.
Types of Protocols
Other protocols
Many other protocols exist. Some of the more common protocols are:
● TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - enables communication over
the internet.
● HTTP and HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol - governs communication between a
webserver and a client. HTTPS (secure) includes secure encryption to allow
transactions to be made over the internet.
● FTP - File Transfer Protocol - governs the transmission of files across a network and
the internet.
● SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - governs the sending of email over a network to
a mail server.
● POP and IMAP - Post Office Protocol and Internet Message Access Protocol - govern
retrieving emails from email servers. POP is an older implementation, largely replaced
by IMAP.
TCP/IP Model
1. TCP/IP model is used for network communication.
2. The image here shows the TCP/IP model
3. It is made up of FOUR LAYERS!
4. It is layered because it allows:
a. To apply protocols in order one after the other
b. To provide independence of layers AND layers can be
modified without affecting other layers as layers are
self-contained
c. To develop hardware or software for a particular layer.
LAN & WAN
Structure of the Internet
Unit 5 Networks and web technologies

Network topologies
• A network topology is the arrangement of the various
computing devices which make up a computer
network
• Bus topology: an arrangement where nodes are connected
in a daisy chain by a single central communications channel
• Star topology: an arrangement where a central node or hub
provides a common connection point for all other nodes
Network Topology layout
Client server and peer-to-peer
Unit 5 Networks and web technologies
Physical star topology

It has client server


model.

Client makes
requests, whereas,
Switch / Hub server processes and
returns the output to
the client.
Client server and peer-to-peer
Unit 5 Networks and web technologies

Star network
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of a
star network?

Advantages Disadvantages
Client server and peer-to-peer
Unit 5 Networks and web technologies
Star network

Advantages Disadvantages

Can be expensive to set up


Easy to isolate problems because of the length of
cable required
Central device is point of
Good performance
failure
More secure if a switch is
used as data is sent only to
the recipient
Mesh Topology

Peer to Peer: The devices are


connected to everyone, therefore,
they can request and share resources
to all devices.
Client server and peer-to-peer
Unit 5 Networks and web technologies
Mesh network

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of a


mesh network?
Advantages Disadvantages
Each connection can carry its own Installation and configuration are difficult if the
data load connectivity gets more

Cabling cost is more and the most in case of a fully


It is robust
connected mesh topology

A fault is diagnosed easily Bulk wiring is required

Provides security and privacy


Client server and peer-to-peer
Unit 5 Networks and web technologies

Demonstration

Complete all questions under demonstration heading


Consolidation
• describe the nature of the Internet as a worldwide collection of
computer networks
• Define a Local Area Network
• Define a Wide Area Network
• Understand the need for Network Interface Cards and the uses of
MAC addressing

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