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Motion in 2D (Tutorials)

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12 views32 pages

Motion in 2D (Tutorials)

Uploaded by

kelerasitoe57
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

MOTION IN 2 DIMENSIONS
CL ASS EXAMPLES
Ex a m p l e

At a particle starts from rest at x=0, y=0 and moves in the xy plane with an
acceleration a = (4.0i + 3.0j) m/s2. Determine
(a) the x and y components of velocity,
(b) the speed of the particle, and
(c) the position of the particle, all as a function of time.
(d) Evaluate all the above at t = 2.0 s.

SOLUTION
(a)  

v  v 0  at  4.0t ˆi  3.0t ˆj m s  v x 4.0t m s , v y 3.0t m s
(b)
v  v x2  v 2y  4.0t m s 2  3.0t m s 2  5.0t m s
(c)  
r r0  v 0t  1
2 
at 2  2.0t 2 ˆi  1.5t 2 ˆj m 
(d) 
 
v x 2.0  8.0 m s , v y 2.0  6.0 m s , v 2.0  10.0 m s , r 2.0   8.0 ˆi  6.0 ˆj m
8
Ex a m p l e
Suppose the position of an object is given by r = (3.0t2i – 6t3j) m.
(a) Determine its velocity v and acceleration a as a function of time.
(b) Determine r and v at time t = 2.5 s.

SOLUTION
(a)

(b)

 
 dr  dv

v   6.0 t ˆi  18.0t 2 ˆj m s
dt
  
a   6.0 ˆi  36.0t ˆj m s2
dt



r 2.5s    3.0 2.5  ˆi  6.0 2.5  ˆj m  19 ˆi  94 ˆj m
2 3



v 2.5s    6.0 2.5  ˆi  18.0 2.5  ˆj m s  15 ˆi  110ˆj m s
2

9
Class Work

If a particle moves through displacement (12 m)iˆ + (3.0 m)kˆ in


2.0 s, what is the average velocity during that move?
Class Work - Solution
Example : The Long Jump
A long jumper leaves the ground at an angle of 20.0° above the horizontal and at a
speed of 11.0 m/s.
(a) How far does he jump in the horizontal direction?
(b) What is the maximum height reached?
Example : The Long Jump
A long jumper leaves the ground at an angle of 20.0° above the horizontal and at a
speed of 11.0 m/s.
(a) How far does he jump in the horizontal direction?
vi 2 sin 2 i
R
g
11.0 m/s  sin 2 20.0 
2


9.80 m/s 2
 7.94 m

(b) What is the maximum height reached?

vi 2 sin 2 i 11.0 m/s  sin 20.0 


2 2

h 
2g 2 9.80 m/s 2 
 0.722 m
Ex a m p l e

A driver on a motorcycle speeds horizontally off a


50.0-m-high cliff. How fast must the motorcycle
leave the cliff top to land on level ground below,
90.0 m from the base of the cliff where the
cameras are? Ignore air resistance.

Solution: The x velocity is constant; the y acceleration is constant.


We know x0, y0, x, y, a, and vy0, but not vx0 or t. The problem asks for vx0.

y = y0 + vyot + ½ ayt2 - 50 = 0 + 0 + ½ (-9.8) t2


gives t = 3.19 s.

x = vxot 90 = vxo (3.19) gives vxo = 28.2 m/s. 25


Ex a m p l e

Extreme-sports enthusiasts have been known to


jump off the top of El Capitan, a sheer granite cliff
of height 910 m in Yosemite National Park.
Assume a jumper runs horizontally off the top of
El Capitan with speed 5.0 m s and enjoys a
freefall until she is 150 m above the valley floor,
at which time she opens her parachute .

(a)How long is the jumper in freefall? Ignore air


resistance.

(b) It is important to be as far away from the cliff


as possible before opening the parachute. How
far from the cliff is this jumper when she opens
26
Ex a m p l e - S O LU T I O N

(a) Take the ground to be the y = 0 level, with upward as the positive direction.

 
y  y0  v0 y t  12 a y t 2  150 m 910 m  12  9.80 m s 2 t 2 

2 150  910 
t 12.45s  12 s
 9.80 m s 
2

(b) The horizontal motion is at a constant speed, since air resistance is being ignored.
x v x t 5.0 m s 12.45s  62.25 m  62 m

27
tan=sin/cos

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