Department of Computer Science and Information Technology

Central University of Jammu

Internet of Things - BECSE3C010 / BECCS3C010

Credits – 4 (L:3, P:1)

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Internet of Things(IoT)

PPT 2

Instructor
Zakir Ahmad Sheikh
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology
Central University of Jammu
[email protected]
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to IoT Design
• IoT design focuses on how systems are built and operate to achieve
desired objectives.

• Two Major Aspects:

• Physical Design:
• Refers to tangible hardware components like sensors, actuators, and
devices.
• Includes communication technologies that enable data transfer.
• Logical Design:
• High-level functional architecture that defines how IoT systems
interact and process data.
• Focuses on workflows, protocols, and data management.

• Importance: These two designs work together to build scalable,

efficient, and smart IoT systems.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT
• Physical Design of IoT:
• Things in IoT
• IoT Protocols
• Link Layer Protocols
• Network/Internet Layer Protocols
• Transport Layer Protocols
• Application Layer Protocols

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT
• Represents the physical
layout and hardware
components of an IoT
system.
• An IoT device may consist
of several interfaces for
connections to other
devices, both wired and
wireless.
• I/O interfaces for sensors
• Interfaces for Internet
• connectivity Figure 2. Block diagram of an IoT device [1]
• Memory and storage
interfaces
• Audio/video interfaces.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT
Category Component/ Full Form Details Use Case
Interface
USB Host Universal Serial Bus
Universal connection for Enables device communication
peripherals. and data exchange.
Connectivity RJ45/Ethernet Registered Jack Wired network access for stable Essential for high-speed and
connectivity. reliable data transfer in IoT
systems.
Processor CPU Central Processing Unit Handles data processing and Determines device performance
(CPU) controls system operations. and suitability for complex IoT
tasks.
HDMI High-Definition Transmits high-definition video Provides high-quality visual and
Multimedia Interface and audio signals. audio outputs.
Audio/Video 3.5mm Audio Jack --- Standard audio output for Suitable for basic sound output
Interfaces sound devices. in smart home hubs and media
devices.
RCA Video Radio Corporation of Analog video output for older Less common in modern IoT
America devices. devices.
NAND Not AND Flash memory type for storage. Provides non-volatile storage for
Memory firmware and applications.
Interfaces NOR Not OR Flash memory type offering fast Offers high reliability for
read access. embedded systems.
DDR1/DDR2/ Double Data Rate Types of dynamic RAM for fast Improves system speed and
DDR3/DDR4 data access. multitasking capabilities.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT
Category Component/ Full Form Details Use Case
Interface
GPU Graphics Processing Unit Specialized processor for Ideal for IoT systems requiring
Graphics rendering graphics and images. advanced visual processing, such
(GPU) as AR/VR and surveillance
cameras.
SD Secure Digital Removable storage card for data Provides portable and
storage. expandable memory options.
Storage MMC MultiMediaCard Embedded storage option for Offers a cost-effective solution
Interfaces compact devices. for small IoT devices.
SDIO Secure Digital Combines storage and Enhances functionality in
Input/Output input/output capabilities. compact, multi-functional IoT
systems.
UART Universal Asynchronous Serial communication for Enables simple and low-cost
Receiver-Transmitter sensors and modules. communication between
devices.
SPI Serial Peripheral High-speed communication Suitable for applications needing
Interface interface for peripherals. fast data transfer with fewer
I/O Interfaces wires.
I2C Inter-Integrated Circuit Two-wire communication Simplifies connectivity with low
interface for devices. power consumption.
CAN Controller Area Network Communication protocol for Highly reliable and robust for
vehicles and industrial IoT. real-time, critical IoT
applications.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT

Figure 3. UART interfacing

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT

Figure 4a. SPI interfacing (Single Slave)

Figure 4b. SPI interfacing (Multiple Slaves)

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT

Figure 5. I2C interfacing

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT

Figure 6. CAN interfacing

• The voltage difference between the two wires defines the logical state of the bus.
• A CAN receiver monitors the voltage difference and outputs the bus state.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Physical Design of IoT
• Physical Design of IoT:
• Things in IoT
• IoT Protocols
• Link Layer Protocols
• 802.3 – Ethernet
• 802.16 –WiMax
• 2G/3G/4G/5G – Cellular
• 802.11 – WiFi
• 802.15.4 – LR-WPAN
• Network/Internet Layer Protocols
• IPV4
• IPV6
• 6LoWPAN
• Transport Layer Protocols
• TCP
• UDP
• Application Layer Protocols
• HTTP
• CoAP
• WebSockets
• MQTT
• XMPP
• DDS Figure 3. IoT protocols [1]
• AMQP

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to IoT Design: IoT Protocols
Category Protocol Full Form Description
802.3 – A wired communication protocol that provides reliable, high-speed data
Ethernet
Ethernet transfer.
Worldwide
Wireless broadband technology offering long-range, high-speed internet
802.16 – WiMax Interoperability for
access.
Microwave Access
Second/Third/
Link Layer 2G/3G/4G/5G – Fourth/Fifth Cellular communication technologies providing varying data speeds for IoT
Protocols Cellular Generation Cellular devices.
Networks
802.11 – WiFi Wireless Fidelity Wireless LAN standard for short-range, high-speed internet connectivity.
Low-Rate Wireless
802.15.4 – LR-
Personal Area Low-rate wireless personal area network for low-power IoT devices.
WPAN
Network
Internet Protocol
IPv4 Internet protocol that uses 32-bit addresses for device identification.
Version 4
Internet Protocol
Network/ IPv6 Advanced internet protocol with 128-bit addressing for massive scalability.
Version 6
Internet Layer
IPv6 over Low-
Protocols
Power Wireless IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks, optimized for
6LoWPAN
Personal Area resource-constrained devices.
Networks
Transmission
TCP Reliable, connection-oriented protocol ensuring data integrity and delivery.
Transport Layer Control Protocol
Protocols User Datagram Lightweight, connectionless protocol suitable for real-time, low-latency
UDP
Protocol applications.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to IoT Design: IoT Protocols
Category Protocol Full Form Description
Hypertext Transfer
HTTP Standard protocol for web-based communication.
Protocol
Constrained Lightweight protocol optimized for constrained devices and low-power
CoAP
Application Protocol networks.
WebSockets WebSockets Full-duplex communication protocol for real-time interaction.
Message Queuing Publish-subscribe protocol designed for resource-constrained devices and
Application MQTT
Telemetry Transport low-bandwidth networks.
Layer Protocols Extensible
XMPP Messaging and Protocol for instant messaging and presence information exchange.
Presence Protocol
Data Distribution
DDS Protocol for real-time, scalable, and high-performance data exchange.
Service
Advanced Message Protocol for message-oriented middleware, ensuring reliable
AMQP
Queuing Protocol communication.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
References
1. Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, "Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach",
Universities Press, 2014.
2. Raj Kamal, "Internet of Things: Architecture and Design Principles", McGraw Hill
Education, 2017.
3. David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Jerome Henry, Rob Barton, "IoT
Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of
Things", Cisco Press, 2017.
4. Greg Dunko, Joydeep Misra, Josh Robertson, Tom Snyder, “A Reference Guide to the
Internet of Things”, Bridgera LLC, 2017.
5. Pethuru Raj, Anupama C. Raman, “The Internet of Things: Enabling Technologies,
Platforms, and Use Cases”, CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), 2017.
6. Bassi Alessandro, Martin Bauer, Martin Fiedler, Thorsten Kramp, Rob Van Kranenburg,
Sebastian Lange, Stefan Meissner, “Enabling Things to Talk: Designing IoT Solutions with
TheIoT Architectural Reference Model”, Springer Nature, 2013.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Thank You

Prepared By: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu