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Brain Computer Interface

A brain-computer interface (BCI) or brain machine interface (BMI) enables direct communication between the brain and external devices, allowing users to control applications using their thoughts. The technology aims to assist individuals with impaired sensory and motor functions by restoring lost abilities through artificial devices. BCIs can be invasive, semi-invasive, or non-invasive, and have various applications including aiding disabled individuals, enhancing device control, and monitoring cognitive states.

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4 views12 pages

Brain Computer Interface

A brain-computer interface (BCI) or brain machine interface (BMI) enables direct communication between the brain and external devices, allowing users to control applications using their thoughts. The technology aims to assist individuals with impaired sensory and motor functions by restoring lost abilities through artificial devices. BCIs can be invasive, semi-invasive, or non-invasive, and have various applications including aiding disabled individuals, enhancing device control, and monitoring cognitive states.

Uploaded by

tulilily2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Brain Computer Interface

Introduction
• A brain-computer interface (BCI) /brain machine interface
(BMI) is a communication system that does not depend on the
brains normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and
muscles.
• BMI uses brain activity to command, control, actuate and
communicate with the world directly through brain
integration with peripheral devices and systems.
• It is a new communication link between a functioning human
brain and the outside world.
• These are electronic interfaces with the brain, which has the
ability to send and receive signals from the brain.
• The signals from the brain are taken to the computer via the
implants for data entry without any direct brain intervention.
What is BMI/BCI?
• Brain Machine Interface(BMI) allow for activity in the brain to
be sent or received from a computer.
• It attempts to mesh our minds with machine. Brain-Machine
Interface (BMI) is a communication system, which enables the
user to control special computer applications by using only his
or her thoughts.
• It will allow human brain to accept and control a mechanical
device as a part of the body.
PURPOSE:
• It is to provide a method for the people with damaged
sensory and motor functions to use their brain to control
artificial devices and restore lost ability via the devices.
Principle
• Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity
of nerves and muscles.
• The brain is composed of millions of neurons. These neurons
work together in complex logic and produce thought and
signals that control our bodies.
• When the neuron fires, or activates, there is a voltage change
across the cell, (~100mv) which can be read through a variety
of devices.
Components
Components
• Implant device
• Signal Processing Section
• Multichannel Acquisition Systems
• Spike Detection
• Signal Analysis
• External Device
• Feedback System
BCI Approaches
Invasive
• Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of
the brain during neurosurgery.
• As they rest in the grey matter, invasive devices produce the
highest quality signals of BCI devices but are prone to scar-
tissue build-up, causing the signal to become weaker or even
lost as the body reacts to a foreign object in the brain.
Semi Invasive and Non invasive
• Electrocorticography (ECoG) measures the electrical activity of
the brain taken from beneath the skull in a similar way to non-
invasive electroencephalography but the electrodes are
embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the
cortex, beneath the dura mater.
• Electroencephalography In conventional scalp EEG, the
recording is obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp with a
conductive gel or paste, usually after preparing the scalp area
by light abrasion to reduce impedance due to dead skin cells.
Many systems typically use electrodes, each of which is
attached to an individual wire.
Non Invasive
• fMRI = Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging fMRI exploits
the changes in the magnetic properties of hemoglobin as it
carries oxygen. Activation of a part of the brain increases
oxygen levels there increasing the ratio of oxyhemoglobin to
deoxyhemoglobin.
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) MEG detects the tiny
magnetic fields created as individual neurons "fire" within the
brain. It can pinpoint the active region with a millimeter, and
can follow the movement of brain activity as it travels from
region to region within the brain.
Applications
• Provide disabled people with communication, environment
control, and movement restoration.
• Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs,
vehicles, or assistance robots for people with disabilities.
• Provide additional channel of control in computer games.
• Monitor attention in long-distance drivers or aircraft pilots,
send out alert and warning for aircraft pilots.
• Develop intelligent relaxation devices.
• Control robots that function in dangerous or inhospitable
situations (e.g., underwater or in extreme heat or cold).
Applications
• Create a feedback loop to enhance the benefits of certain
therapeutic methods.
• Develop passive devices for monitoring function, such as
monitoring long-term drug effects, evaluating psychological
state, etc.
• Monitor stages of sleep.
• Bionics/Cybernetics
• Memory Upload/Download
• Dream Capture
• Brain as a Computer
• “Google Search” through brain

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