Section 8 – Unit 4

CNC Turning: Setup and Operation

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 Machine Control Panel (1 of 5)

• Attached to MCU, contains

displays, knobs, buttons
and operator controls
• Allows operator to
program, set up and
operate machine

The parts of a turning center

control panel.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Machine Control Panel (2 of 5)

Soft keys are used on some machines. These keys are universal and can be
used for different functions according to their on-screen label.
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 Machine Control Panel (3 of 5)

Arrow keys used for constant jogging of each axis.

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 Machine Control Panel (4 of 5)

A jogging handwheel is used for fine

control when jogging the machine’s
axes. The handwheels can either
be (A) portable or (B) mounted
permanently on the machine
control panel.

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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Machine Control Panel (5 of 5)

A spindle speed, feed rate, and rapid override control.

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 Workholding Setup (1 of 5)

• Mount device properly

• Set power clamping pressure
• Bore jaws if using chuck
• Install workpiece so that there is
adequate clearance to produce
the part

Appropriately bored soft-chuck jaws and a mating

workpiece.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Workholding Setup (2 of 5)

Soft-chuck jaws should be bored while they are mounted. Preloading by

clamping on a piece of scrap or a chucking ring simulates forces created
when clamping a workpiece.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Workholding Setup (3 of 5)

A turning center drawtube and collet assembly within a machine spindle.

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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Workholding Setup (4 of 5)

A picture of a turning center hydraulic regulator and gauge for adjusting

collet or chuck clamping pressure.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Workholding Setup (5 of 5)

A minimum of 1/8" clearance should be maintained between the cutting tool

and the workholding device.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Machine and Work Coordinate Systems

• Work coordinate system

(WCS) sets origin for
placement on work
• Machine coordinate
system (MCS) has fixed
origin
The relationship of the machine
• Machine must be homed coordinate system (MCS) to the
prior to setting WCS established work coordinate system
(WCS).
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Work Offset Setting (1 of 3)

• Work offset is distance between MCS (fixed) and WCS

(flexible)
• Program coordinates reference WCS
• Some controls call this offset a workshift
• Basic steps for setting a work offset in text

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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Work Offset Setting (2 of 3)

Workpiece offset is the Z-axis distance from the MCS zero to the WCS zero.
The X-axis offset should remain zero since the spindle and workpiece share
the same center line.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Work Offset Setting (3 of 3)

A gage block can be used to determine

the workpiece offset by touching a turret
reference surface on the desired part
Z-zero. The turret’s position will be
displayed on the machine position page.
With the turret touching the spindle
face, the position would read Z-zero.
With the turret touching the gage block
as shown, the position would display the
length of the workpiece to its face, plus
the gage block length. Subtracting the
gage block length from this dimension
reveals the workpiece length from the
spindle face (work offset).
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 Cutting Tools for Turning (1 of 8)

• Installation:
• Orient tools correctly
when mounting
• Check alignment
• Offsets:
• Reference to tool tip
• Geometry offsets are primary
initial settings
• Wear offsets are for tool wear
compensation and temporary Adjustment screws for squaring
adjustments a holemaking tool holder.

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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Cutting Tools for Turning (2 of 8)

Method for setting tools off the part face of Z-zero with a 0.010"-thick feeler
gage. While in this position the tool’s position can be set as positive 0.010"
in the Z-axis.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Cutting Tools for Turning (3 of 8)

An X tool offset is being set by touching off of an OD of 1.500" with a

0.010"-thick feeler gage. The imaginary diametral position the tool is at
is the workpiece diameter plus twice the feeler gage: 1.500 + 0.010 +
0.010 = 1.520. If an ID boring, threading, or grooving tool is to be set,
the shim is used as a feeler to find the OD surface of the workpiece as
shown (the shim is not used in the calculation).
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Cutting Tools for Turning (4 of 8)

A holeworking tool being swept with a spindle-mounted indicator to find

alignment with the spindle axis.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Cutting Tools for Turning (5 of 8)

A typical geometry offset page on the machine display screen. These numbers
reflect the true setting for the tool tip location in its original and unworn state.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Cutting Tools for Turning (6 of 8)

A typical wear offset page on the machine display screen. The number that
will be entered into the wear offset will be an incremental adjustment from
a baseline of zerowear.
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 Cutting Tools for Turning (7 of 8)

A geometry offset page on a machine display screen with labels for tool
radius and quadrant.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Cutting Tools for Turning (8 of 8)

In order for TNRC to be successful,

the control must know the cutting
zone (shaded in blue) on the tool
nose where compensation must
occur. The available quadrants are
shown relative to the tool tips on
various styles of cutting tools.

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 Program Entry for Turning

• Programs can be entered three ways:

• Manually typing on shop floor
• Uploaded to memory from PC or storage
• Sent direct from PC as program runs
• Direct numerical control (DNC)
• drip feeding program fed from a PC to the control block by
block

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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
 Turning Machine Operation

• Prove-out program and set-

up to identify mistakes with
one of four ways:
• Graphic simulation
• Dry run
• Dry cycle
• Safe offset
• After successful prove-out
program may be run in auto
A graphic part simulation
mode without supervision
on a display screen.
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in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.