DISASTERS

DISASTERS ININ
INDIA
INDIA
Scope
Scope of
of Hazards
Hazards
and
and Disaster
Disaster
Management
Management
 India and Natural Disasters
India is one of the most disaster prone countries in
the world.

Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes;

70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;
5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods;
8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones.
A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years;
50 million people affected annually
1 million houses damaged annually along with
human,social and other losses
During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to
natural disasters has been estimated at 70
million USD

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOI

 The Myths
 It Can’t Happen to Us.

 The
Nature’s forces are so
Deadly the Victims will Die
anyway.
 There is Nothing We Can Do.
Definition of Disaster
A Disaster is an event that occurs in most cases
suddenly and unexpectedly, causing severe
disturbances to people, objects and
environment, resulting in loss of life ,property
and health of the population. Such a situation
causes disruption in normal pattern of life,
generating misfortune, helplessness and
suffering affecting the socio-economic structure
of a region/country to such an extent that there
is a need for assistance or immediate outside
intervention.
Ingredients of a Disaster
 A phenomenon or event which
constitutes a trauma for a
population/environment.
 A vulnerable point/area that will bear
the brunt of the traumatizing event.
 The failure of local & surrounding
resources to cope with the problems
created by the phenomenon.

 Types of Disasters
 Natural - Manmade
Disasters affecting India
 EARTHQUAKE
 VOLCANIC ERUPTION
 TSUNAMI
 CYCLONE
 FLOOD
 LANDSLIDE
 BUSHFIRE
 DROUGHT
 MAJOR ACCIDENT (FIRE,
EXPLOSION, HAZMAT)
 CIVIL UNREST
GENERAL EFFECTS OF
DISASTER
 LOSS OF LIFE
 INJURY
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF PROPERTY.
 DAMAGE TO AND DESTRUCTION OF
PRODUCTION.
 DISRUPTION OF LIFESTYLE
 LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD.
 DISRUPTION TO ESSENTIAL SERVICES
 DAMAGE TO NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE
 DISRUPTION TO GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEMS
 NATIONAL ECONOMIC LOSS
 SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTER
EFFECT.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

“AN APPLIED SCIENCE WHICH

SEEKS, BY THE SYSTEMATIC
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS
OF DISASTERS, TO IMPROVE
MEASURES RELATING TO
PREVENTION, MITIGATION,
PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY
RESPONSE AND RECOVERY.”
Disaster Management Cycle
 Disaster Management
Cycle
 Response

 Recovery

 Prevention& Mitigation
 Preparedness
 RESPONSE
 Response measures are usually those which are
taken immediately prior to and following disaster
impact.
 Typical measures include :
 Implementation of plans
 Activation of the counter-disaster system
 Search and Rescue
 Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical
assistance etc.
 Survey and assessment

 RECOVERY
 Recovery is the process by which
communities and the nation are assisted in
returning to their proper level of
functioning following a disaster.
 Three main categories of activity are
normally regarded as coming within the
recovery segment:
 Restoration

 Reconstruction
 PREVENTION &
MITIGATION
 Prevention : Action within this segment is designed to
impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or
prevent such an occurrence having harmful effects on
communities or key installations.

 Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes

the form of specific programs intended to reduce the
effects of disaster on a nation or community. For
instance, some countries regard the development and
application of building codes (which can reduce damage
and loss in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as
being in the category of mitigation.
 PREPAREDNESS
Preparedness is usually regarded
as comprising measures which
enable governments,
organizations, communities and
individuals to respond rapidly and
effectively to disaster situations.
 PREPAREDNESS (Contd)
 Examples of Preparedness measures are :
 The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-
to-date counter-disaster plans
 Special provisions for emergency action
 The provisions of warning systems
 Emergency communications
 Public education and awareness
 Training programs, including exercises and
tests.
Principles of Disaster
Management
Risk & Hazard
Assessment
Planning

Organization

Resource Utilization

Need for Specialists

Training
 RISK AND HAZARD
ASSESSMENT
 Disaster risk will be a combination
of the likelihood of the event and the
vulnerability of a place to that event.
 The hazard assessment will aim to
deliver accurate disaster information
about individual locations.
 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Vulnerability to a particular hazard will include :
 Critical products, services, records and

operations.
 Hazardous materials

 Potential effects of damage on stakeholders.

 Likely financial costs.

 Resources personnel and time available to make

preparations.
 Level of insurance cover.

The combination of hazard and

vulnerability assessments will result in
formulating total risk assessment.
 Principles of Disaster
Management
 Planning :
 to have a clear and logical approach to dealing
with disasters.
 to provide common reference for all
departments and authorities with roles.
 to assist with information for sitting-up a
multi- functional organizational structure.
 to form a basis for coordinated action.
 to provide clear allocation of responsibilities.
 to form a basis for reviewing and evaluating
current and future disaster management
requirements.
 to give a focus for disaster related training.
 Principles of Disaster
Management
 Organisation :
 the nature of National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA)
 Utilization of total governmental structures/

resources i.e. National, State & Local level.

 Co-ordination of non governmental

resources
 Community involvement

 Clear lines of Authority and unity of

command
 Special system requirements.
 Principles of Disaster
Management
Organisation (Contd.) :
 Special system requirements.
 Emergency Operation Center/Control
Center
 Direction & Coordinating Authority

 Communications

 Warning Systems

 Survey & Assessments

 Information Management

 Emergency Logistics
 Principles of Disaster
Management
Resource Utilization :
• Identification of resources
• Assessment of resources with relation to their
capability & availability
• Allocation of appropriate tasks
• Level of skill in handling allotted tasks and
experience
• Activation time for deployment/availability
• Co-ordination with line authorities of resource
organizations
• Coalition of accurate information for effective
deployment of resources.
 AGENCIES
 Governmental (Including Military
both at National & State Level).
 Non Governmental Organizations.

 Community groups both social &

religious.
 International Volunteer

organisation.
Principles of Disaster
Management

Need for Specialists :

Search & Rescue
•Survey & Damage Assessment
•First Aid & Triage
•Mobile Medical & Health Team
•Evacuation
•Animal Husbandry/Veterinary
 Principles of Disaster
Management
•Need for Specialists (Contd):
–Emergency Welfare
–Emergency Shelter
–Emergency Logistics
–Staff for EOC (Emergency Operating
Center)
–Information Management including public
information needs.
–Specialists from field of disaster studies and
research (Geologists, Meteorologists, etc.)
 Principles of Disaster
Management

Training :
•Identification of Training needs.
•Scope of Training programmes.
•Training policy.
•Implementation of training.
 Principles of Disaster
Management
•Training (Contd.):

–Design of training should be compatible to

support tasks required to be performed after a
Disaster at three levels.
•Foundational Training
•Team Training
•Combined Organizational Training.
 National Disaster Management Framework
Ministry of Home Affairs - GoI

To make Disaster Management an integral part of National

Development Agenda
To promote Awareness and Education in Disaster Management
To promote Human Resource Development in Disaster Management
(master plan for training and capacity building)
To develop Institutional Frameworks at the National and State levels
for mainstreaming disaster management
To establish multi-hazard preparedness, mitigation and prevention
plans at all levels
To enhance capacities at all levels for multi-hazard preparedness and
response
GOI-UNDP Disaster Risk Management
Programme (DRM)
Any Questions
THE END