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Lecture 2_ Basic Mathematic Concepts

This document covers basic mathematical concepts including lines, curves, matrices, and vectors. It explains the definitions, properties, and equations related to each concept, such as the slope-intercept form of a line, types of curves, and operations on matrices and vectors. Each section provides examples and outlines key operations like addition, multiplication, and the characteristics of geometric shapes.

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11 views12 pages

Lecture 2_ Basic Mathematic Concepts

This document covers basic mathematical concepts including lines, curves, matrices, and vectors. It explains the definitions, properties, and equations related to each concept, such as the slope-intercept form of a line, types of curves, and operations on matrices and vectors. Each section provides examples and outlines key operations like addition, multiplication, and the characteristics of geometric shapes.

Uploaded by

mosesdray15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 2:

Basic Mathematic Concepts


1. Lines

• A line is a one-dimensional geometric shape that extends infinitely in


both directions.
• It can be defined by two points or by an equation.
• There are different types of lines, such as straight lines, curved lines,
and segmented lines.
• Equation of a Line (in Slope-Intercept Form): y=mx+c, where m is the
slope and c is the y-intercept.
• Slope: The slope (m) represents the steepness of the line.
• Parallel Lines: Lines with the same slope but different y-intercepts
are parallel.
• Perpendicular Lines: Lines with slopes that multiply to -1 are
perpendicular.
Lines Cont’d…

Example: Consider the line with the equation y=2x+3.


1.Slope: The slope (m) is 2.
2.Y-intercept: The y-intercept (c) is 3.
3.Plotting the Line:
1. Start by plotting the y-intercept at (0, 3).
2. Use the slope to find another point, say (1, 5) or (-1, 1).
3. Connect the points to draw the line.
2. Curves

• A curve is a one-dimensional geometric shape that does not extend


infinitely in both directions.
• It can be defined by an equation or by a set of points.
• There are many different types of curves, such as circles, ellipses,
parabolas, and hyperbolas.
1.Types of Curves:
1. Linear Curve: Follows a straight line.
2. Quadratic Curve: Described by a quadratic equation
(y=ax2+bx+c).
3. Exponential Curve: Growth or decay described by y=abx.
4. Trigonometric Curves: Such as sine and cosine functions.
2.Circle:
1. Equation of a circle with center (h,k) and radius r: (x−h) 2+
(y−k) 2=r2.
3. Matrices

• A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers


• Matrices are used to represent and manipulate data in many
different areas of mathematics.
• A matrix can be of any size, but square matrices (matrices with the
same number of rows and columns) are the most common type.
• Matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided.
• Matrix Operations:
• Matrix Addition: Add corresponding elements.
• Scalar Multiplication: Multiply each element by a scalar.
• Matrix Multiplication: Follow specific rules for combining matrices.
• Transpose: Swap rows and columns.
Matrices Cont’d…

• Matrix Addition • Scalar Multiplication


Matrices Cont’d…
• Matrix Multiplication

• Transpose
4. Vectors

• A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction.


• Vectors can be represented as ordered pairs (2D), triplets (3D), etc
• Vector operations are:
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Scalar Product
• Cross Product
• Dot Product
Vector Addition
Vector Scalar Product
Vector Cross Product
Vector Dot Product

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