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Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, ensuring privacy and security, making it suitable for sensitive applications like cloud computing and finance. Despite its advantages, FHE faces challenges such as performance slowdowns, large data sizes, and a steep learning curve. Ongoing research aims to improve its efficiency and usability, with potential future directions including hardware acceleration and broader adoption.

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16 views9 pages

Fully Homomorphic Encryption

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, ensuring privacy and security, making it suitable for sensitive applications like cloud computing and finance. Despite its advantages, FHE faces challenges such as performance slowdowns, large data sizes, and a steep learning curve. Ongoing research aims to improve its efficiency and usability, with potential future directions including hardware acceleration and broader adoption.

Uploaded by

Nagesha ts
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fully Homomorphic Encryption

FHE allows computations on encrypted data without decryption, ensuring data privacy and security while
processing, making it ideal for sensitive applications.
Introduction to Fully Homomorphic
Encryption
What is FHE? Key Benefits Challenges Ahead
Developed by Craig Gentry in It maintains data integrity and While computationally
2009, FHE enables complex security during processing, expensive, ongoing research
computations on encrypted making it suitable for cloud aims to improve efficiency and
data. computing and finance. usability.
Working of FHE
1 2 3 4

Key Generation Computation Decryption


Encryption
Generates both public Converts plaintext to Allows operations on Final results are
(PK) and secret (SK) ciphertext using the ciphertexts, enabling decrypted with the
keys for encryption public key, secure calculations secret key to retrieve
and decryption. safeguarding data. without revealing the original outcome.
original data.
Step 1: KeyGen
• PK: Used to encrypt data.
• SK: Needed to decrypt results.
• Bootstrapping key (optional): Reduces noise.

Step 2: Encrypt(PK, data)

Converts plaintext to ciphertext (e.g., Enc("Hello") = 0x3a7d...).

Step 3: Evaluate
• Homomorphic operations: Addition (⊕), Multiplication (⊗).
• Uses lattice-based math (LWE/RLWE).
• Noise grows with operations; bootstrapping resets it.

Step 4: Decrypt(SK, result)

Retrieves final output (e.g., Dec(Enc(8)) = 8).


Python Implementation of FHE
Key Generation
Key generation creates PK and SK
2 for secure encryption and
decryption.
Library Usage
FHE can be implemented
1
using libraries like Pyfhel in
Encryption Examples
Python.
3 Encryption examples involve
adding encrypted integers
seamlessly, illustrating data
privacy in calculations.
Advantages of Secure Data Processing
Secure Outsourcing Privacy-Preserving Universal Applicability
Enables processing of Confidently performs Supports all computable
sensitive data in untrusted operations on data without functions, making it broadly
cloud environments without exposing the plaintext, applicable in various fields like
compromising security. enhancing data healthcare and finance.
confidentiality.
Disadvantages of Fully Homomorphic
Encryption
Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) presents several challenges that can impede its practical application.
These include significant performance slowdowns compared to traditional methods, the bulkiness of
encrypted data, and a steep learning curve for understanding the required mathematical concepts.

Large Data Size


Encrypted data often results in
2 large ciphertext sizes, posing
storage challenges and
Performance Bottleneck increasing resource use.

FHE operates significantly


slower than traditional
1
plaintext computations,
Complexity and Learning
which can hinder its usability. Curve
Understanding the underlying
3
mathematical concepts, like
bootstrapping, requires higher
Applications of Secure Technologies

Confidential AI Secure Voting Systems Healthcare Analytics


Facilitates training machine Enables counting votes while Allows sensitive medical data
learning models on encrypted preserving voter anonymity analysis without compromising
datasets, providing additional through encrypted ballots. patient privacy.
security.
Conclusion on Fully Homomorphic
Encryption
Ongoing Challenges

2 Challenges remain regarding


speed and efficiency, yet
Major Advancement research is ongoing to realize its
1 full potential.
FHE represents a major
advancement in privacy-
preserving computation,
balancing security with Future Directions
utility.
Future directions include
3 hardware acceleration and wider
adoption across various sectors
to enhance data protection.

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