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DNA and The Genome Lesson Presentation

The document discusses the structure and significance of DNA and the human genome. It explains that DNA is a polymer made of nucleotides forming a double helix, with genes coding for specific proteins. Understanding the human genome is crucial for researching diseases, inherited disorders, and tracing human migration patterns.

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17 views14 pages

DNA and The Genome Lesson Presentation

The document discusses the structure and significance of DNA and the human genome. It explains that DNA is a polymer made of nucleotides forming a double helix, with genes coding for specific proteins. Understanding the human genome is crucial for researching diseases, inherited disorders, and tracing human migration patterns.

Uploaded by

Ting Bie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inheritance, Variation and

Evolution
DNA and the Genome
Learning Objective
To describe the genetic material found in a cell and discuss the
importance of studying it.
Targeting Assessment Objectives AO1 and AO2

Success Criteria
• To define genome, chromosome, gene and DNA.
• To describe the structure of DNA.
• To discuss the importance of studying the human genome.
Genetic Material

Where would you find the genetic material


in these cells?

How many other parts of the cell can you


name?
What is the function of the other parts?
DNA

Where on the diagram should these labels go?

chromosome nucleus DNA gene

Can you put them in size order, smallest to


largest?
DNA
chromosome gene

nucleus DNA
The Structure of DNA

DNA is a polymer that is made up of four different nucleotides. Two


strands of DNA twist together to form a double helix.

Each nucleotide is made of a sugar and phosphate group with one of four
different bases attached.

The four bases are A, C, G and T. The C base is always linked to a G base
on the complementary strand. An A base is always linked to a T base on
the complementary strand.
Modelling DNA

C
The DNA Code
A sequence of three bases is the code
for a particular amino acid.

The order of bases controls the order A


in which amino acids are assembled to C
produce a particular protein.

A gene is a small section of DNA on a


chromosome. Each gene codes for a
particular sequence of amino acids
and that makes a specific protein.
Understanding the Human
Genome
The genome of an organism is the
entire genetic material of that
organism.
Humans have 23 pairs of
chromosomes. One of each set
from their mum and one from their
dad.
This means that almost every cell
in the human body contains 46
chromosomes.
Which cells are the exception? Photo courtesy of (@wikimedia.org) - granted under creative commons licence – attribution
Understanding the Human
Genome

Scientists are currently working on


sequencing the genomes of 100
000 people. The aim is to find out
as much as they can about human
DNA.

Pause for Thought


Why is it important for us
to study the human genome?
Understanding the Human
Genome
It helps us to search for genes that are linked to different types of
disease. This gives us more information on the risk of people developing
the disease and might allow us to reduce the risk by encouraging
lifestyle changes or interventions.
It helps us to understand and treat inherited disorders. The more we
know about faulty genes, the more chance we have at developing
treatments to overcome them.
We can use the information to trace human migration patterns from the
past. This helps us to understand human evolution and history.

Photo courtesy of (@wikimedia.org) - granted under creative commons licence – attribution


Crack the Code

The grid shows you how to crack


the DNA code. Start from the
centre and move out.

Each set of three bases codes for


one amino acid.

Each amino acid has a single letter


code on the outside of the ring.
Can you crack the code?

GATAACGCAATTAGT
GGGCGCGAGGCTACC
Crack the Code

DNA is great!

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