AI

Foundational concepts of AI
Session: What is Intelligence?
Session: Decision Making.
● How do you make decisions?
● Make your choices!
Session: what is Artificial Intelligence
and what is not?
Basics of AI: Let’s Get Started
Session: Introduction to AI and related
terminologies. ● Introducing AI, ML & DL.
● Introduction to AI Domains (Data, CV &
NLP) Session: Applications of AI – A look
at Real-life AI implementations Session:
 ARTIFICIAL ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
INTELLIGENCE

 Intelligence: “The capacity to learn and solve

problems”
 Artificial Intelligence: Artificial intelligence
(AI) is the simulation of human intelligence by
machines.
• The ability to solve problems
 Definition of A.I.
• “The study and design of intelligent
agents," where an intelligent agent is a
system that perceives its environment
and takes actions which maximize its
chances of success.

• “The science and engineering of

making intelligent machines, especially
intelligent computer programs."
Any machine that has been trained with data and can make decisions/predictions on
its own can be termed as AI.

Now we do not use data or information, but the intelligence collected from the
data to build solutions. These solutions can even recommend the next TV show
or movies you should watch on Netflix.
AI has not only made our lives easier but has also been taking care of our habits, likes, and
dislikes. This is why platforms like Netflix, Amazon, Spotify, YouTube etc. show us
recommendations on the basis of what we like. Well, the recommendations are not just
limited to our preferences, they even cater to our needs of connecting with friends on social
media platforms with apps like Facebook and Instagram. They also send us customized
notifications about our online shopping details, auto-create playlists according to our
requests and so on. We nowadays have pocket assistants that can do a lot of tasks at just one
command. Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana, Siri are some very common examples of the
voice assistants which are a major part of our digital devices.
NOT AI
A fully automatic washing machine can work on its own, but it requires human
intervention to select the parameters of washing and to do the necessary
preparation for it to function correctly before each wash, which makes it an example
of automation, not AI.
An air conditioner can be turned on and off remotely with the help of internet but
still needs a human touch. This is an example of Internet of Things (IoT).
How do you make decisions?
You are locked inside a room with 3 doors to move out of the locked
room and you need to find a safe door to get your way out. Behind the
1st door is a lake with a deadly shark. The 2nd door has a mad
psychopath ready to kill with a weapon and the third one has a lion
that has not eaten since the last 2 months <-info as the
basis of decision
The basis of decision making depends upon the availability of
information and how we experience and understand it. For the
purposes of this article, ‘information’ includes our past experience,
intuition, knowledge, and self-awareness. We can’t make “good”
decisions without information because then we have to deal with
unknown factors and face uncertainty, which leads us to make wild
guesses, flipping coins, or rolling a dice. Having knowledge,
experience, or insights given a certain situation, helps us visualize
what the outcomes could be. and how we can achieve/avoid those
outcomes.
 AI, ML & DL.

Artificial Intelligence is the umbrella

terminology which covers machine and deep
learning under it and Deep Learning comes
under Machine Learning. It is a funnel type
approach where there are a lot of applications
, Defining the terms:
1. Artificial Intelligence, or AI, refers to any technique
that enables computers to mimic human intelligence.
It gives the ability to machines to recognize a human’s face; to
move and manipulate objects; to understand the voice commands
by humans, and also do other tasks. The AI-enabled
machines think algorithmically and execute what
they have been asked for intelligently.

2. Machine Learning, or ML, enables machines to

improve at tasks with experience (data). The intention of
Machine Learning is to enable machines to learn by themselves
using the provided data and make accurate Predictions/ Decisions.

3. Deep Learning, or DL, enables software to train itself

to perform tasks with vast amounts of data. In deep
learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts
of data which helps it into training itself around the
•Deep Learning is the most advanced form of
Artificial Intelligence out of these three.

•Then comes Machine Learning which is

intermediately intelligent

•Artificial Intelligence covers all the concepts and

algorithms which, in some way or the other mimic
human intelligence.

•There are a lot of applications of AI out of which

few are those which come under ML out of which
very few can be labelled as DL.

•Therefore, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep

Artificial Intelligence becomes intelligent
according to the training which it gets. For
training, the machine is fed with datasets.
According to the applications for which the
AI algorithm is being developed, the data
which is fed into it changes. With respect to the
type of data fed in the AI model, AI models can
be broadly categorised into three domains:
Domains of AI
1. Computer Vision
2. Natural Language Processing
3. Data for AI
Computer Vision, abbreviated as CV, is a domain of AI that depicts
the capability of a machine to get and analyse visual information
and afterwards predict some decisions about it. The entire
process involves image acquiring, screening, analysing,
identifying and extracting information. This extensive processing
helps computers to understand any visual content and act on it
accordingly. In computer vision, Input to machines can be
Computer
photographs, vision
videos is a field
and of artificial
pictures intelligence
from thermal that
or infrared
trains computers
sensors, indicators andto interpret
different sources. and understand
the visual world. Using digital images from cameras
and videos and deep learning models, machines can
accurately identify and classify objects — and then
react
EXAMPLES
to what
- they
- Self-Driving
“see.” cars/ Automatic Cars CV
systems scan live objects and analyse them, based on
whether the car decides to keep running or to stop.
Face Lock in Smartphones Smartphones nowadays come
with the feature of face locks in which the smartphone’s
owner can set up his/her face as an unlocking
mechanism for it. The front camera detects and
Data sciences is a domain of AI related to data
systems and processes, in which the system
collects numerous data, maintains data sets
and derives meaning/sense out of them.
The information extracted through data
science can be used to make a decision about
it.
Example of Data Science - Price
Comparison Websites These websites are
being driven by lots and lots of data. These
websites provide with convenience of
comparing the price of a product from
multiple vendors at one place. PriceGrabber,
PriceRunner, Junglee, Shopzilla, DealTime are
some examples of price comparison websites.
Natural Language Processing Natural Language Processing,
abbreviated as NLP, is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with
the interaction between computers and humans using the natural
language. Natural language refers to language that is spoken and
written by people, and natural language processing (NLP) attempts to
extract information from the spoken and written word using
algorithms. The ultimate objective of NLP is to read, decipher,
understand, and make sense of the human languages in a manner
that is valuable.
Examples of Natural Language Processing-
•Email filters Email filters are one of the most basic and initial
applications of NLP online. It started out with spam filters, uncovering
certain words or phrases that signal a spam message.
•Smart assistants Smart assistants like Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa
recognize patterns in speech, then infer meaning and provide a useful
response.
AI Ethics
1. Moral Issues: Self-Driving Cars
2. AI creates unemployment
3. AI for kids- H.W done with help from Alexa
4. Data Privacy – whenever you download an app and install it, it
asks you for several permissions to access your phone’s data in
different ways and you allow the app to get all the permissions
that it wants. Hence every now and then, the app has the
permission to access various sensors which are there in your
smartphone and gather data about you and your surroundings.
We forget that the smartphone which we use is a box full of
sensors which are powered all the time while the phone is
switched on. This leads us to a crucial question: Are we okay
with sharing our data with the external world?
5. AI Bias - virtual assistants have a female voice