Forest Fire Detection Using Deep

learning

Name : Prateek Patil

AICTE Internship Student Registration
ID : STU67a59c72039d41738906738
 Learning Objectives
 Learn About Deep Learning
Discover what deep learning is and how it powers image recognition, helping computers "see"
like humans.
 Using Datasets
Explore how to find, download, and prepare datasets that your model will learn from.
 Creating a Model
Learn how to build a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) step-by-step using TensorFlow and
Keras.
 Training and Testing
Understand how to train your model with data and evaluate its performance on new, unseen
examples.
GOAL
 Checking Performance
Learn to measure how well your model is doing using metrics like accuracy and loss.
 Seeing Results
Visualize your model’s progress during training with graphs and plots using Matplotlib.
 Making Predictions
Use your trained model to make predictions on new images and interpret the results.
 Real-World Application
Apply your deep learning skills to a real-world challenge—like detecting forest fires from
images.
Tools and Technology used
• Google Colab
• A cloud-based platform that allows me to write and execute Python code in a Jupyter notebook environment. It provides free
access to GPUs, which speeds up the training of deep learning models.
• Python
• The programming language used for writing the code. It is widely used in data science and machine learning due to its simplicity
and readability.
• TensorFlow
• An open-source deep learning framework that provides tools for building and training machine learning models. It is used to create
the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for fire detection.
• Keras
• A high-level API for TensorFlow that simplifies the process of building and training deep learning models. It is used to define the
architecture of the CNN.
• NumPy
• A library for numerical computing in Python. It is used for handling arrays and performing mathematical operations on data.
• Matplotlib
• A plotting library for Python that is used to create visualizations of the model's training progress, such as accuracy and loss graphs.
• ImageDataGenerator
• A Keras utility that helps in preprocessing images for training, validation, and testing. It allows for real-time data augmentation to
improve model performance.
• Dataset link : https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/elmadafri/the-wildfire-dataset
• Github link : https://github.com/prateekpatil2004/forest_fire_detection.git
Methodology

1.Dataset Acquisition
•Downloaded the wildfire dataset from Kaggle using Google Colab.
2.Data Exploration
•Explored the dataset to identify classes ('fire' and 'nofire') and visualized sample images.
3.Data Preparation
•Set image size to 150x150 pixels and batch size to 32.
•Used ImageDataGenerator to rescale images and create data generators for training, validation, and testing.
4.Model Building
•Built a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Keras:
•Added convolutional and MaxPooling layers for feature extraction.
•Flattened the data and added dense layers for classification.
5.Model Compilation
•Compiled the model using the Adam optimizer and binary cross-entropy loss.
6.Model Training
•Trained the model for 12 epochs, monitoring accuracy and loss.
7.Model Evaluation
•Evaluated the model on test data and visualized training results.
8.Making Predictions
•Saved the model and created a function to predict fire in new images.
Problem Statement:
The primary objective of this project is to develop a deep learning model capable of accurately
detecting forest fires from images. Forest fires pose a serious threat to the environment, leading to
the destruction of ecosystems, loss of wildlife, and endangering human lives and property. Early
detection is critical for minimizing these impacts and enabling a swift emergency response.
To address this challenge, I will use a dataset containing images of both fire-affected and unaffected
forest areas. My approach involves training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)—a powerful
deep learning architecture known for its exceptional performance in image recognition tasks. The
CNN will learn to recognize visual patterns associated with fires, such as flames, smoke, and
discoloration in vegetation.
The model’s ability to accurately distinguish between safe and burning areas is essential for timely
alerts and effective intervention. By automating the detection process, the system can assist
firefighters and emergency responders in quickly identifying fire outbreaks, helping to prevent their
spread and reduce damage. This could ultimately save lives, protect biodiversity, and conserve
natural resources.
Beyond solving an important environmental problem, this project also serves as a valuable learning
opportunity. I will gain hands-on experience in key areas of artificial intelligence, including data
preprocessing, model development, training, and performance evaluation. Through this project, I aim
not only to create a practical solution for forest fire detection but also to promote the use of AI in
addressing real-world challenges and protecting our planet.
Solution:
Use a Dataset
I will work with a dataset containing images of both fire-affected and unaffected forest areas
to train the model effectively.
Prepare the Data
All images will be resized to 150x150 pixels and normalized to ensure consistent input,
making it easier for the model to learn relevant patterns.
Build the Model
I will design a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the following components:
• Convolutional Layers to extract important features from the images.
• MaxPooling Layers to reduce the spatial dimensions and simplify the data.
• Dense Layers to perform the final classification into 'fire' or 'no fire' categories.
Train the Model
The CNN will be trained on the dataset to learn patterns and features that indicate the
presence of fire.
Evaluate Performance
The model will be tested on a separate set of images to evaluate its accuracy and ability to
generalize to new data.
Make Predictions
I will implement a function that allows users to upload an image and receive a prediction on
whether it depicts a fire or not.
Screenshot of Output of fire and no fire:
Screenshot of Output of Model:
"sequential":
Screenshot of Output of train the model:
Screenshot of Output of model accuracy :
Screenshot of Output of model loss :
Screenshot of Output of predicted :
Conclusion:
In this project, I successfully created a deep learning model designed to detect forest fires using a
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The process began with gathering a dataset that included images of both
areas with fire and those without. By training the model on this dataset, I was able to teach it how to recognize
the differences between the two types of images.
The results were quite promising. The model was able to accurately identify images that showed fire, which is
incredibly important for early detection. Being able to detect fires quickly can make a huge difference in
preventing them from spreading, which ultimately helps protect our forests, wildlife, and communities. This
capability can lead to faster responses from firefighters and emergency services, potentially saving lives and
reducing damage to the environment.
Throughout this project, I gained a lot of valuable skills. I learned how to preprocess data, which is a crucial
step in preparing images for the model. I also became familiar with how to evaluate the model's performance to
ensure it works effectively. This experience deepened my understanding of deep learning and artificial
intelligence, showing me how these technologies can be applied to solve real-world problems.
Looking ahead, I am excited about the potential of this model. I plan to refine it further, perhaps by using more
data or improving the architecture of the CNN. I also want to explore how this technology can be implemented
in real-life scenarios, such as in fire management systems. Overall, this project has been a significant learning
journey, and it has highlighted the important role that technology can play in addressing critical environmental
issues like forest fires.
Final Github Project link: https://github.com/prateekpatil2004/forest_fire_detection.git
Future Scope:

1. Model Improvement:
1. I want to enhance the accuracy of the model by experimenting with different architectures and techniques. This could
involve using more advanced CNN structures or incorporating other machine learning methods to improve performance.
2. Larger Datasets:
1. Using a larger and more diverse dataset can help the model learn better. I plan to gather more images from various
environments and conditions, which will make the model more robust and capable of detecting fires in different scenarios.
3. Real-Time Detection:
1. I aim to develop a system that can analyze images in real-time, such as from drones or satellite imagery. This would allow
for immediate alerts when a fire is detected, enabling quicker responses from firefighting teams.
4. Integration with Other Technologies:
1. I want to explore how this model can be integrated with other technologies, like geographic information systems (GIS) or
weather data. Combining these tools could provide a more comprehensive approach to fire management and prevention.
5. Field Testing:
1. Conducting field tests to see how the model performs in real-world situations is crucial. I hope to collaborate with fire
management agencies to implement the model in actual fire detection scenarios and gather feedback for further
improvements.
6. Public Awareness and Education:
1. I believe it’s important to raise awareness about the role of technology in fire detection. I plan to share my findings and
insights with the community, emphasizing how early detection can help protect our environment and lives.