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Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a machine learning approach that identifies patterns in unlabeled data, enabling the discovery of hidden structures and relationships. Key techniques include clustering and dimensionality reduction, with applications in market segmentation, anomaly detection, and recommender systems. While it offers advantages like reduced data preparation costs, it also faces challenges such as sensitivity to noise and difficulty in evaluating results.

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4 views

Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a machine learning approach that identifies patterns in unlabeled data, enabling the discovery of hidden structures and relationships. Key techniques include clustering and dimensionality reduction, with applications in market segmentation, anomaly detection, and recommender systems. While it offers advantages like reduced data preparation costs, it also faces challenges such as sensitivity to noise and difficulty in evaluating results.

Uploaded by

bhandariaanand780
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNSUPERVISED LEARNING

AANAND BHANDARI
BU2023UCGS126
CONTEXT

Machine Learning

Unsupervised Learning

Working

Types of Unsupervised Learning

Different Algorithms Used in it

Real-World Applications

Advantages , Disadvantages & Challenges

Conclusion
What is Machine
Learning?
• A field of artificial intelligence that allows
computers to learn from data.

Supervised vs. Unsupervised


Learning
• Supervised Learning: Learns from labeled
data (e.g., predicting house prices).

• Unsupervised Learning: Learns from


unlabeled data, identifying hidden structures.

Why Unsupervised Learning?


• Helps uncover patterns and relationships
in data.
What is Unsupervised Learning?

Definition:

• A machine learning approach where the


model finds patterns in data without
predefined labels.

Key Idea:

• Automatically identifies clusters,


relationships, and anomalies.

Example:

• Grouping customers based on shopping


behavior without prior labels.
How It Works

•Step 1 : Input unlabeled data.

•Step 2 : The algorithm identifies hidden patterns


and relationships.

•Step 3 : Data is grouped or structured


meaningfully.

•Example:
• Organizing songs into genres based on
listening habits.
Types of Unsupervised Learning

1. Clustering - Groups similar data points together.

Example: Categorizing news articles into topics.

2. Dimensionality Reduction - Reduces data


complexity while retaining important features .

Example: Reducing high-resolution images


while keeping key details.
Clustering
Algorithms
1. K-Means
Clustering
•Divides data into K groups based
on similarity.

•Example: Market segmentation


of customers.

2. Hierarchical
Clustering
•Builds a tree of clusters.

•Example: Classifying different


species based on genetic
similarity.
Dimensionality Reduction
Algorithms
1. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
• Reduces data dimensions while
preserving key patterns.

• Example: Facial recognition data


compression.

2. t-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic


Neighbor Embedding)

• Helps visualize high-dimensional data


in 2D or 3D.

• Example: Representing DNA data in


a simpler format for analysis.
Real-World
Applications
1. Market Segmentation :
• Grouping customers based
on purchasing behavior

2. Anomaly Detection

• Detecting fraud in
banking transactions

3. Recommender Systems

• Suggesting movies on
Netflix.

4. Image Compression

• Reducing file size


while maintaining
quality.
Advantages

 Advantages

• No need for labeled data, reducing data preparation


costs

• Can discover hidden patterns and relationships in data

• Helps in exploring large and complex datasets

• Useful for anomaly detection and fraud prevention

• Adaptable to various domains like healthcare, finance,


and marketing
Disadvantages

• Difficult to evaluate results due to lack of ground truth

• Algorithms can be sensitive to parameter selection

• May struggle with high-dimensional data without


proper techniques

• Potentially produces irrelevant or misleading patterns

• Requires significant computational power for large


datasets
Challenges

 Challenges

• Results may not always be


interpretable.

• Requires good preprocessing and


fine-tuning.

• Sensitive to noise in data.


Conclusion

• Unsupervised learning finds


patterns in unlabeled data.

• Clustering and dimensionality


reduction are two key techniques.

• Used in diverse applications, from


fraud detection to
recommendation systems.
THANK YOU

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