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Abstract Data Type

The document discusses abstract data types (ADTs) and their implementation in Java. It defines an ADT as a type with a set of operations that users can use to alter or examine values of that type. The creator of an ADT can change the implementation as long as the operations remain the same. The document provides an example of implementing a Counter ADT in Java using an interface to define the operations and classes to provide concrete implementations. Clients only interact with the interface, separating the interface from the implementation.

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Srinivas Katla
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
153 views

Abstract Data Type

The document discusses abstract data types (ADTs) and their implementation in Java. It defines an ADT as a type with a set of operations that users can use to alter or examine values of that type. The creator of an ADT can change the implementation as long as the operations remain the same. The document provides an example of implementing a Counter ADT in Java using an interface to define the operations and classes to provide concrete implementations. Clients only interact with the interface, separating the interface from the implementation.

Uploaded by

Srinivas Katla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Structures in Java

Mahender K

An abstract data type (ADT) is a type name and a set of operations on that type where:
Users of the ADT are expected to alter/examine values

of this type only via the operations provided. The creator of the ADT promises to leave the operation specifications unchanged. The creator of the ADT is allowed to change the code of the operations at any time, as long as it continues to satisfy the specifications. The creator of the ADT is also allowed to change the data structure actually used to implement the type.
10/2/2009 Data Structures in Java 2

An ADT is not a data type(DT), because it has no representation. We implement an ADT by supplying a representation for the data and algorithms for the operations. So an ADT implementation is a data type. Another way of looking at it:
An ADT is a design concept. A DT is a programming language concept. An ADT implementation is the combination of the

two.

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Data Structures in Java

Lets try an interesting example: Counters.


A counter is simply an object that maintains a

count that can be initialized and incremented.

The first question to ask:


What, precisely, is a counter?

Or, in object-oriented terms:


What is it that makes an object a counter?

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Data Structures in Java

Informally, a counting object


can be initialized, can be incremented, and

can be read.

We can say these things precisely in Java by writing an interface.

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Data Structures in Java

/** Interface for counting objects. */ public interface Countable { /** Increment the internal counter. */ public void inc(); /** Reset the internal counter to 0. */ public void resetCount(); /** Return the internal count. */ public int readCount(); }

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Data Structures in Java

A Java interface is a kind of specification for a class.


It specifies a list of methods that any

implementation must provide.

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Data Structures in Java

/** Simple counting objects. */ public class SimpleCounter implements Countable { /** Initialization for new counters. */ public SimpleCounter () { resetCount(); } /** Reset the counter to 0. */ public void resetCount () { count = 0; } Constructor /** Increment the counter. */ Method public void inc () { count++; } /** Return the current count. */ public int readCount () { return count; } private int count; }
Private instance variable

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Data Structures in Java

/** A program that uses a SimpleCounters.*/ public class Main { public static void main (String args[]) { int n = 99; SimpleCounter c = new SimpleCounter(); SimpleCounter d = new SimpleCounter(); c.inc(); d.inc(); d.inc(); System.out.println (n + c.readCount() + d.readCount()); } Creation of new }

SimpleCounter objects.

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Data Structures in Java

SimpleCounter c = new SimpleCounter();

SimpleCounter d = new SimpleCounter();

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Data Structures in Java

10

Files we have created:


Countable.java The interface specification.

SimpleCounter.java An implementation of the interface.


Main.java A client program.

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Data Structures in Java

11

Strictly speaking, Java does not require us to make use of an interface for this program.

public class SimpleCounter implements Countable { }

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Data Structures in Java

12

Strictly speaking, Java does not require us to make use of an interface for this program.

public class SimpleCounter { } Leaving out the implements declaration is OK with Java.

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Data Structures in Java

13

Interfaces allow us to separate interface from implementation. Clients assume only the interface. Clients thereby protect themselves from many kinds of changes in the underlying implementations.

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Data Structures in Java

14

Separate interface from implementation.

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Data Structures in Java

15

Separate interface from implementation.

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16

Separate interface from implementation. Clients do not need to know most implementation details.

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Data Structures in Java

17

Abstract data types make it much easier to make use of pre-existing code.
We shall see this in later assignments in the

project

work in a team. maintain code in the long run. write down the results of your careful thinking about the problem.
Data Structures in Java 18

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/** Counting objects that double every time. */ public class DoublingCounter implements Countable { /** Initialization for new counters. */ public DoublingCounter () { resetCount(); } /** Reset the counter to 1. */ public void resetCount () { count = 1; }
/** Increment the counter. */ public void inc () { count *= 2; } /** Return the current count. */ public int readCount () { return count; } private int count; }
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How to Think Like a Computer Scientist, Downey, Allen B., URL:


Java Structures : Data Structures in Java for the Principled Programmer, Bailey, Duane Structured Computer Organization, Tanenbaum, A. S.,
http://www.cs.williams.edu/JavaStructures/Welcome.html http://www.cs.williams.edu/JavaStructures/Welcome.html ftp://ftp.cs.odu.edu/pub/zeil/cs412/Lectures/03adts/adts_s http://www.greenteapress.com/thinkapjava/

ADTs & Classes, Zeil, Steven J.,


ummary.pdf

Data Structures and Algorithms in Java by Robert Sedge wick


Data Structures in Java 20

10/2/2009

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