Digital Logic Design

will discuss…
• Number System
• Decimal
• Binary
• Octal
• Hexadecimal
• Conversion in Number System
Number System

Number System

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

( )10 ( )2 ( )8 ( )16

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 0,1 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

Conversion (Decimal to all
others)
2 47
2 23 - 1
Binary 2 11 - 1
2 5 -1
(101111)2 2 2 -1
1 -0
Decimal
Octal 8 47
(47)10 5 - 7
(57)8
Hexadecimal 16 47
2 - 15
(2F)16
 Conversion (Binary to all others)
47
Decimal
32 16 8 4 2 1
(47)10 1 0 1 1 1 1

5 7
Binary Octal 4 2 1 4 2 1
(101111)2 (57)8 1 0 1 1 1 1

2 F
Hexadecimal 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
(2F)16
Conversion (Octal to all others)

Decimal 5*81 + 7*80

47
(47)10 40 + 7

2 5 2 7
Octal Binary 2 2 - 1 2 3 - 1
101

(57)8 (101111)2 1 - 0 1 - 1 111

Hexadecimal 2 5 2 7
8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
2 2 - 1 2 3 - 1
(2F)16 1 - 0 1 - 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1

2 F
Conversion (Hexadecimal to all
others)

Decimal 2*161 + F*160

47
(47)10 32 + 15
2 15
Hexadecimal Binary 2 2
2 7 - 1 10
1 - 0 1111
2 3 - 1
(2F)16 (101111)2 1 - 1
2 15
Octal 2 2
2 7 - 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
1 - 0
2 3 - 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
(57)8 1 - 1

5 7
Digital Logic Design

will discuss…
• Conversion in Number System
(Fraction Conversion)
Conversion (Decimal to all
others)
2 47
0.13 * 2 = 0 .26
2 23 - 1
Binary 2 11 - 1
0.26 * 2 = 0 .52
0.52 * 2 = 1 .04
2 5 -1
0.04 * 2 = 0 .08
(101111.0010)2 2 2 -1
1 -0

Decimal 0.13 * 8 = 1 .04

Octal 8 47
0.04 * 8 = 0 .32
(47.13)10 5 - 7
0.32 * 8 = 2 .56
(57.1024)8 0.56 * 8 = 4 .48
0.13 * 16 = 2 .08
Hexadecimal 16 47 0.08 * 16 = 1 .28
2 - 15 0.28 * 16 = 4 .48
(2F. 2147AE)16 0.48 * 16 = 7 .68
0.68 * 16 = 10 .88
0.88 * 16 = 14 .08
Conversion (Binary to Decimal)
Binary Decimal
(101111.0010)2 (47.13)10

. 0 × 2−1 +0 × 2−2 +1 × 2− 3 +0 × 2−4

. 0 × 0.5+ 0 ×0.25+ 1× 0.125+ 0 ×0.05625

. 0 + 0 + 0.125 + 0

47 .13
Conversion (Binary to Octal)
Binary Octal
(101111.0011)2 (57.14)8

. 0 × 22 +0 × 21+ 1× 20 1 × 2 2+ 0 × 21 + 0× 20

. 0 × 4 +0 × 2+1× 11 × 4+ 0 × 2+ 0 × 1

. 0 +0 + 1 4 + 0 + 0

5 7 . 1 4
Conversion (Binary to
Hexadecimal)
Binary Hexadecimal
(11101.101101)2 (1D. B4)16

. 1 × 23 + 0 × 22 +1 × 21 +1 × 2 0 0 × 23 +1 × 22 + 0 × 21 +0 × 20

.8 + 0 + 2 + 1 0 + 4 + 0 + 0

1 D . B 4
Conversion (Octal to Decimal)
Octal Decimal
(57.1024)8 (47.13)10

5*81 + 7*80 . 1*8 -1 + 0*8-2 + 2*8-3 + 4*8-4

40 + 7 . 0.125 + 0 + 0.0039 + 0.000977

47 .13
Conversion (Octal to Binary)

Octal Binary
(53.1064)8 (101011.001000110100)2

2 6
2 5 2 3 2 1 2 0 2 4
2 3 - 0
2 2 - 1 1 - 1 2 2 - 0
1 - 1
1 - 0 1 - 0

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Conversion (Octal to
Hexadecimal)
Octal Hexadecimal
(53.107)8 (2B.238)16
2 7
2 5 2 3 2 1 2 0
2 3 - 1
2 2 - 1 1 - 1
1 - 1
1 - 0
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 . 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1 8 4 2 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

2 B . 2 3 8
Conversion (Hexadecimal to
Decimal)
Hexadecimal Decimal
(2F.2147)16 (47.13)10
2*161 + F*160 . 2*16-1 + 1*16-2 + 4*16-3 + 7*16-4

32 + 15 . 0.125 + 0.0039 + 0.000977 + 0.0001068

47 .13
Conversion (Hexadecimal to
Binary)
Hexadecimal Binary
(2F.2147)16 (101111. 0010000101000111)2

2 15
2 2 2 2
2 7 - 1 2 1 2 4 2 7
1 - 0 1-0
2 3 - 1 2 2 - 0 2 3 - 1
1- 1 1 - 0 1 - 1

0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Conversion (Hexadecimal to
Octal)
Hexadecimal Octal
(2F.2147)16 (57.102434)8
2 15
2 2 2 2
2 7 - 1 2 1 2 4 2 7
1 - 0 1-0
2 3 - 1 2 2 - 0 2 3 - 1
1- 1 1 - 0 1 - 1

0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 . 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 5 7 . 1 0 2 4 3 4
Complements
will discuss…
• Binary
• 1’s Complement
• 2’s Complement
• Decimal
• 9’s Complement
• 10’s Complement
• Octal
• 7’s Complement
• 8’s Complement
• Hexadecimal
• 15’s Complement
• 16’s Complement
Complements
10110000
1’s Complement 2’s Complement

10110000 10110000
01001111 01001111
+ 1
01010000
Complements
48295671
9’s Complement 10’s Complement

99999999 99999999
48295671 48295671
51704328 51704328
+ 1
51704329
Complements
37265471
7’s Complement 8’s Complement

77777777 77777777
37265471 37265471
40512306 40512306
+ 1
40512307
Complements
3E2A5C8B
15’s Complement 16’s Complement

FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
3 E2A5 C8B 3 E2A5 C8B
C1 D5A3 7 4 C1 D5A3 7 4
+ 1
C1 D5A3 7 5
Signed Number
will discuss…
• Signed Number
• Subtraction using complements
Signed
Number
 Subtraction using complements
(Decimal)
534679
Using 9’s Complement Using 10’s Complement
- 123456
534679 123456 -------------------------------
- 534679 123456
- 123456 - 534679 411223 - 123456 - 534679
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

534679 123456 534679 123456

+ 876543 + 465320 + 876544 + 465321
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

1 411222 588776 1 411223 588777

+1
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

411223 - 411223 411223 - 411223

 Subtraction using complements
(Binary)
110011
Using 1’s Complement Using 2’s Complement
- 101010
110011 101010 -------------------------------
- 110011 101010
- 101010 - 110011 001001 - 101010 - 110011
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

110011 101010 110011 101010

+ 010101 + 001100 + 010110 + 001101
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

1 001000 110110 1 001001 110111

+1
----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- -----------------------

001001 - 001001 001001 - 001001

Binary Codes

will discuss…
• Binary Codes for decimal digits
• Gray Code
• Error-Detecting Code
Binary
Codes
Gray Code
 Error-Detecting
Code
A parity bit is an extra bit included with a message to make the total number of 1's
either even or odd.