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SQL Fundamentals A Beginners Guide

This guide introduces SQL, a structured query language used for managing and manipulating databases. It covers fundamental concepts such as databases, tables, columns, and key SQL operations like SELECT, WHERE, and JOIN. The document emphasizes the importance of SQL for data retrieval, management, and integrity.

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rumamridha37
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7 views8 pages

SQL Fundamentals A Beginners Guide

This guide introduces SQL, a structured query language used for managing and manipulating databases. It covers fundamental concepts such as databases, tables, columns, and key SQL operations like SELECT, WHERE, and JOIN. The document emphasizes the importance of SQL for data retrieval, management, and integrity.

Uploaded by

rumamridha37
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Fundamentals: A

Beginner's Guide
Welcome to the world of SQL! This guide will cover the basics.
Learn how to retrieve, filter, and modify data. Understand
databases, tables, and columns.
What is SQL and Why Use It?
What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. It is used for managing and
manipulating databases.

• Standard language
• Easy to learn
• Highly versatile

Why Use SQL?

SQL allows you to interact with databases. You can retrieve specific data quickly.
It helps to organize and maintain data.

• Data retrieval
• Data management
• Data integrity
Understanding
Databases, Tables, and
Columns
Databases Tables
A database is an organized A table is a collection of
collection of data. It stores related data entries. It is
related information. organized in rows and
columns.

Columns
A column represents a set of data values of a particular type.
Each column has a name and data type.
The SELECT Statement: Retrieving Data
Basic Syntax
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;

Retrieve All Columns


SELECT * FROM table_name;

Example
SELECT name, age FROM employees;

The SELECT statement retrieves data from a database table. Specify the columns you want to retrieve.
Filtering Data with WHERE
Clauses
1 Purpose
The WHERE clause filters data based on specified conditions.

2 Syntax
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;

3 Example
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE age > 30;

Use comparison operators like =, >, <, >=, <=. Combine conditions with
AND, OR, and NOT.
Sorting and Grouping Data

Sorting Grouping Aggregate


Use ORDER BY to Use GROUP BY to Use aggregate
sort results. group rows. functions to
summarize.

ORDER BY sorts in ascending order by default. Use DESC for


descending order. GROUP BY often used with aggregate functions.
Modifying Data:
INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE
1 INSERT 2 UPDATE
Adds new rows to a table. Modifies existing rows in
a table.

3 DELETE
Removes rows from a table.

INSERT adds new data. UPDATE modifies. DELETE removes rows.


Use with caution!
Joins: Combining Data from Multiple Tables

INNER JOIN 1 2 LEFT JOIN


Returns matching rows. Returns all from left.

FULL OUTER JOIN RIGHT JOIN


Returns all rows. 4 3 Returns all from right.

Joins combine data from two or more tables. Use ON to specify the join condition.

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