Scribd
Upload
7 views21 pages

Computer Networks L1 24 2

The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as interconnected systems of computers and peripherals that facilitate information sharing. It classifies networks based on geographical span, inter-connectivity, administration, and architecture, detailing types such as Personal Area Networks (PAN), Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and the Internet. Additionally, it highlights the applications and advantages of computer networks, including resource sharing and communication capabilities.

Uploaded by

gideonobosu9090
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views21 pages

Computer Networks L1 24 2

The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as interconnected systems of computers and peripherals that facilitate information sharing. It classifies networks based on geographical span, inter-connectivity, administration, and architecture, detailing types such as Personal Area Networks (PAN), Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and the Internet. Additionally, it highlights the applications and advantages of computer networks, including resource sharing and communication capabilities.

Uploaded by

gideonobosu9090
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Networking Department of Computer Science

TAKORADI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

COMPUTER NETWORKS
BIT 238

BY

FRANK AMOANI ARTHUR

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

COMPUTER NETWORK

Overview of
computer Networks

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Computer networks overview

Definition:
A system of interconnected computers and
computerized peripherals such as printers
is called computer network. This interconnection
among computers facilitates information sharing
among them. Computers may connect to each
other by either wired or wireless media

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Computer networks are classified based


on various factors. They include:
 Geographical span
 Inter-connectivity
 Administration
 Architecture

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Geographical Span
Geographically a network can be seen in one of the
following categories:
It may be spanned across your table, among Bluetooth
enabled devices, Ranging not more than few meters.
It may be spanned across a whole building, including
intermediate devices to connect all floors.
It may be spanned across a whole city.
It may be spanned across multiple cities or provinces.
It may be one network covering whole world.

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Inter-Connectivity
Components of a network can be connected to each other
differently in some fashion. This means the connection can either
logically, physically, or both.
Every single device can be connected to every other device on
network, making the network mesh.
All devices can be connected to a single medium but
geographically disconnected, created bus-like structure.
Each device is connected to its left and right peers only,
creating linear structure.
All devices connected together with a single device, creating
star-like structure.
 All devices connected arbitrarily using all previous ways to
connect each other, resulting in a hybrid structure.
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks


Administration
From an administrator’s point of view, a
network can be private network which belongs
a single autonomous system and cannot be
accessed outside its physical or logical domain.
A network can be public, which is accessed by
all.

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Network Architecture
Computer networks can be discriminated into various types
such as Client-Server, peer-to-peer or hybrid, depending upon
its architecture.
There can be one or more systems acting as Server. Other
being Client, requests the Server to serve requests. Server takes
and processes request on behalf of Clients.
Two systems can be connected Point-to-Point, or in back-to-
back fashion. They both reside at the same level and called
peers.
There can be hybrid network which involves network
architecture of both the above types.

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Applications of Computer Networks


Network Application
Computer systems and peripherals are connected to form a
network. They provide numerous advantages:
Resource sharing such as printers and storage devices
Exchange of information by means of e-Mails and FTP
Information sharing by using Web or Internet
Interaction with other users using dynamic web pages
IP phones
Video conferences
Parallel computing
Instant messaging
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

NETWORKING

Types of Computer
Networks

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks


Personal Area Network
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is smallest network
which is very personal to a user. This may include
Bluetooth enabled devices or infra-red enabled devices.
PAN has connectivity range up to 10 meters. PAN may
include wireless computer keyboard and mouse,
Bluetooth enabled headphones, wireless printers, and
TV remotes.

For example, Piconet is Bluetooth-enabled Personal


Area Network which may contain up to 8 devices
connected together in a master-slave fashion
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Local Area Network


A computer network spanned inside a building and
operated under single administrative system is generally
termed as Local Area Network (LAN). Usually, LAN
covers an organization offices, schools, colleges or
universities. Number of systems connected in LAN may
vary from as least as two to as much as 16 million.
LAN provides a useful way of sharing the resources
between end users. The resources
such as printers, file servers, scanners, and internet are
easily sharable among computers

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Local Area Network

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)


The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) generally expands
throughout a city such as cable TV network. It can be in the
form of Ethernet, Token-ring, ATM, or Fiber Distributed
Data Interface (FDDI).
Metro Ethernet is a service which is provided by ISPs. This
service enables its users to expand their Local Area
Networks. For example, MAN can help an organization to
connect all of its offices in a city. Backbone of MAN is
high-capacity and high-speed fiber optics. MAN works in
between Local Area Network and Wide Area Network.
MAN provides uplink for LANs to WANs or internet.
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks


Metropolitan Area Network

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks


Wide Area Network (WAN)
As the name suggests, the Wide Area Network (WAN)
covers a wide area which may span across provinces and
even a whole country. Generally, telecommunication
networks are Wide Area Network. These networks provide
connectivity to MANs and LANs. Since they are equipped
with very high speed backbone, WANs use very expensive
network equipment.
WAN may use advanced technologies such as
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), Frame Relay, and
Synchronous Optical Network (SONET). WAN may be
managed by multiple administration

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks


Wide Area Network (WAN)

March 2023 BIT 238


Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Internetwork
A network of networks is called an internetwork, or simply
the internet. It is the largest network in existence on this
planet. The internet hugely connects all WANs and it can
have connection to LANs and Home networks. Internet uses
TCP/IP protocol suite and uses IP as its addressing protocol.
Present day, Internet is widely implemented using IPv4.
Because of shortage of address spaces, it is gradually
migrating from IPv4 to IPv6.
Internet enables its users to share and access enormous
amount of information worldwide. It uses WWW, FTP,
email services, audio, and video streaming etc. At
huge level, internet works on Client-Server model.
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks


Internetwork Cont’n
Internet uses very high speed backbone of fiber optics.
To inter-connect various continents, fibers are laid
under sea known to us as submarine communication
cable.
Internet is widely deployed on World Wide Web
services using HTML linked pages and is accessible
by client software known as Web Browsers. When a
user requests a page using some web browser located
on some Web Server anywhere in the world, the Web
Server responds with the proper HTML page. The
communication delay is very low.
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

Internetwork
Internet is serving many proposes and is involved in many
aspects of life. Some of them are:
Web sites
E-mail
Instant Messaging
Blogging
Social Media
Marketing
Networking
Resource Sharing
Audio and Video Streaming
March 2023 BIT 238
Networking I Department of Computer Science

Classification of Computer Networks

End of Lecture

March 2023 BIT 238

You might also like