MALNAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

HASSAN – 573 202, KARNATAKA

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated With VTU, Belgaum)

Department Of Electronics & Communication Engineering 2024-25

MULTI PURPOSE AGRICULTURE ROBOT

Submitted by,
Preetham M C 4MC21EC078
Priyadarshini H P 4MC21EC079
Abhishek M P 4MC22EC400
Hemanth H C 4MC22EC410
Under the guidance of
Mrs. Sushma N
Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, MCE
 • Introduction
• Literature Review
• Objectives
CONTENTS • Block Diagram
• Components Required
• Methodology
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
• Agriculture is undergoing a technological transformation to meet the growing global food demand
while addressing labor shortages, climate change, and resource efficiency.
• Traditional farming methods often struggle with inefficiencies, requiring innovative solutions to
enhance productivity and sustainability.
• Multipurpose Agriculture Robot is an advanced, AI-driven machine designed to perform various
farming tasks.
• Multipurpose Agriculture Robot performs several key tasks, including Irrigation Management,
Weeding & Pest Control, Crop Monitoring & Disease Detection, Weather Forecasting & Adaptation,
Soil Health Monitoring, and Remote Monitoring & Control.
• Multipurpose Agriculture Robot uses AI, machine learning, sensors, and computer vision for tasks
like crop monitoring, disease detection, and pest control. It also relies on GPS, LiDAR and IoT for
navigation, soil health monitoring, and automation of farming tasks.
• The benefits of a Multipurpose Agriculture Robot include increased efficiency in farming tasks,
reduced labor costs, and improved precision in crop management. It also promotes sustainable
practices by optimizing resource use, reducing pesticide and water consumption, and enabling real-
time data analysis for better decision-making.
LITERATURE
SURVEY
REVIEW
 OBJECTIVES ​
• To enhance the efficiency, productivity, and sustainability of farming operations.

• To automate labor oriented tasks such as crop monitoring, irrigation , pest control
while reducing human intervention.

• To optimize resource use, minimize waste, and improve crop yield and quality.

• To enable precision farming by collecting real-time data on soil health, crop conditions,
and environmental factors

• Ultimately, the objective is to make agriculture smarter, more precise, and more
environmentally sustainable.
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

16/05/2025
 ESP32
ESP32 connects the robot to mobile apps or cloud
platforms, enabling real-time monitoring of soil
conditions, crop health, and robot status.

Captures images for plant disease detection and crop Figure 1. ESP32

analysis.
Arduino

Controls DC motors, servo motors, and stepper motors for

navigation, spraying, and robot movement. Figure 2. Arduino UNO

Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil Moisture Sensor is used for real-time monitoring and

automated irrigation control, preventing overwatering or
underwatering.
Figure 3. Soil Moisture Sensor

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 DHT11 Sensor
The DHT11 Sensor helps track temperature and humidity,
optimizing climate conditions for crops and adjusting irrigation Figure 4. DHT11 Sensor

or spraying accordingly.

Ultrasonic Sensor

The Ultrasonic Sensor enables obstacle detection and

autonomous navigation, ensuring the robot moves safely
without damaging crops. These sensors work together to Figure 5 .Ultrasonic Sensor

enhance precision, efficiency, and automation in farming.

Lora Module
LoRa module can transmit data such as GPS coordinates,
sensor readings (like soil moisture, temperature, or
humidity), or status updates from the robot.
Figure 6 Lora Module

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 Relay Module
Relays manage high-power devices like water pumps and
motors for efficient operation. Together, they enhance
automation, precision, and energy management in the Figure 7. Relay Module

system.

Servo Motor

Servo motors enable precise control for tasks like camera

positioning, irrigation, and crop handling. Figure 8. servo motor

LiPo Battery

The LiPo (Lithium Polymer) battery will be the power

source for the robot. It is compact and can store a
significant amount of energy, providing enough power
for motors, sensors, and communication modules. Figure 9. LiPo
Battery

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 Motor Driver
Motor drivers control movement, obstacle avoidance, and
tool operation by regulating motor speed and direction.
They enable the robot to perform tasks such as irrigation,
crop monitoring, and pest control autonomously and Figure 10. Motor Driver

efficiently.

ESP32 CAM

The ESP32-CAM is used for crop monitoring, disease

detection, and live streaming. It captures high-resolution
images or videos of crops, which can then be processed
locally or sent to a remote server for analysis. Figure 11. ESP32
CAM

16/05/2025
METHODOLOGY​
1. Soil Moisture Monitoring (Irrigation System)

• Soil Moisture Sensor measures the moisture level in the soil.

• If moisture is low, the system activates the irrigation pump (controlled by a relay).
• If moisture is sufficient, the system does not activate irrigation.

2. Crop Monitoring (Camera and Disease Detection)

• ESP32-CAM takes pictures of crops at set intervals.

• The robot processes the images to detect diseases or unhealthy crops using
• Pre-programmed algorithms or AI models (if applicable).
• Alerts are generated if any issue is detected (e.g., pest infestation or disease).

3. UltraSonic Sensor Detection (Obstacle Detection)

• Ultrasonic sensors detect obstacles in the robot’s path.

• If an obstacle is detected, the robot adjusts its movement to avoid collision
(e.g., stop, reverse, or turn).
4. Remote Monitoring and AI Data Analysis

• The robot collects real-time data from sensors (soil moisture, temperature, humidity, etc.)
and sends it to a remote platform (via ESP32 Wi-Fi).
• AI analyzes the collected data on the platform, identifying trends and anomalies
(e.g., rising temperature, low soil moisture).
• The user can remotely monitor the AI's analysis results through an app or
• Dashboard, receiving notifications if intervention is needed (e.g., irrigation or pest
control).

5. Movement and Navigation (Autonomous Movement)

• The motor driver (L298) controls the robot’s wheels, moving forward, backward, or
turning.
• The ultrasonic sensor ensures the robot avoids obstacles while moving.
• The robot can follow a pre-programmed path or adapt its movement based on sensor
inputs.
 CONCLUSION

The Multipurpose Agricultural Robot integrates advanced technologies such as Servo motors,
relays, ESP32-CAM, LoRa, and to offer a comprehensive solution for modern farming. By
automating critical tasks like irrigation, weeding, pest control, crop monitoring, disease
detection, weather forecasting, and soil health monitoring, the robot enhances farm productivity
and reduces labor costs. The inclusion of remote monitoring and control capabilities allows
farmers to manage operations efficiently, even from a distance. This Robot provides an efficient,
sustainable, and cost-effective approach to precision farming, improving crop management and
supporting better decision-making in agricultural practices.
THANK YOU